ECOTOURISM POTENTIALS IN MALAYSIA Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia ECOTOURISM POTENTIALS IN MALAYSIA MANOHAR MARIAPAN EVELYN LIM AI LIN SITI SURIAWATI ISA MUHAMMAD SHAHRIM KARIM KHALID REHMAN HAKEEM Department of Recreation and Ecotourism Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia @Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2017 First Print: 2017 Published by: Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Tel: 03-89467171 Fax: 03-89432514 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Adventure and Ecotourism in Malaysia Manohar, M. .. [et al.] (2017). ISBN No: 978-967-5526-15-2 Design by: Siti Nur Fathirah Adnan FOREWORD Assalamualaikum w.b.t. and salam sejahtera. Once again the Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) has successfully organized the 2nd. International Conference on Adventure and Ecotourism 2015. It was held at Adya Hotel, Langkawi Island with the theme of Conservation, Education, Enforcement and Responsible Management through Adventure and Ecotourism. The theme was chose because it is about time that conservation, education, enforcement and responsible management to be highlighted as the significant elements through adventure and ecotourism activities. It means in any adventure and ecotourism activities done not only the monetary value should be focus on but instead in any adventure and ecotourism activities the operators, stakeholders and visitors must be aware about the importance of conservation, education, enforcement and responsible management to protect and sustain a destination and surrounding area. The Faculty of Forestry through its Department of Recreation and Ecotourism as the main organiser of this conference hoping to create awareness that adventure and ecotourism activities can be the agent for conservation, education, enforcement and responsible management in the tourism industry. By organising this conference where the academicians, NGOs and practitioners gathered at one place and at one time everyone can share their knowledge and ideas which will give benefit towards the development of adventure and ecotourism sectors particularly in Malaysia. Hence, the publication of this second e-book will contribute more reliable data and information about the topics which hardly attract the attention of many tourism scholars although adventure and ecotourism activities are not something new in the tourism field. This e-book covers wide range of topics from hard science to social science on tourism topics. More contributions received from the authors who participated in the 2nd. ICAE 2015. It is indeed another great achievement for the organiser to be able to attract more participants and paper presented for the conference compared to the previous ICAE. This will help the organiser to build a strong brand for ICAE and in attracting more participants from all over the world in the future. With the success publication of this e-book hopefully the Department of Recreation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry will become the main reference centre in the field relating to adventure and ecotourism in Malaysia and worldwide. As the Dean of Faculty of Forestry, I would like to extend my gratitude to all authors in this e-book. Also, congratulations to the editorial team for the publication of the 2nd. e-book from the 2nd. ICAE 2015. Thank you and good luck to everyone. “BERILMU BERBAKTI” Professor Dr. Mohamed Zakaria Hussin Dean Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia PREFACE International ecotourism conferences in Malaysia have often been organized by international organizers. In 2014, the Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia initiated the First International Conference on Adventure and Ecotourism (ICAE) 2014. The conference was held in December 2014 on Mount of Jerai, Kedah. The conference was organized to promote Malaysia as a unique country with diverse ecotourism destinations, products and resources that have been preserved for generations, particularly the new ecotourism products and services such as at Mount of Jerai. The conference also presents Malaysia as a chosen ecotourism destination for many international tourists and holidaymakers. The positive support and feedback from the first conference has motivated the Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia to commit towards the organizing of the conference on an annual basis. The second international conference was organized from 4-8 December 2015 on the island of Langkawi in Kedah. Known as the Langkawi International Conference on Adventure and Ecotourism (ICAE) 2015, the conference showcased Langkawi as an important adventure and ecotourism destination for both international and local tourists. The conference congregated academicians, researchers, practitioners and businesses in the field to exchange knowledge and experiences. Through the conference, we hope to reduce the gaps between the various sectors and encourage active collaboration towards establishing a tourism industry that is whole, creative and sustainable. The conference garnered positive support and feedback from its participants and this has motivated the Faculty of Forestry, UPM to publish the papers presented during the conference in this book. This book consists of 22 papers that cover a wide range of research works related to the field of ecotourism. Therefore, the book is divided into 4 sections to provide you a glimpse into the various ecotourism studies conducted which ranged from empirical studies of wildlife and wildlife in ecotourism; ethno and cultural studies of ecotourism and recreation studies. The Faculty of Forestry, UPM would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to the Ministry of Tourism and Culture Malaysia for their support towards the organizing of the conference. We would also like to thank the presenters and participants of the conference and all those who had supported us in any ways in making the conference a success. Manohar Mariapan Evelyn Lim Ai Lin Siti Suriawati Isa Muhammad Shahrim Karim Khalid Rehman Hakeem TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Preface Section 1: Empirical Study of Wildlife 1-23 Sustainable Tourism Botany in Pulau Perhentian Elizabeth Pesiu, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Gopalasamy Reuben Clement, Jamilah Salim and Muhammad Razali Salam Lepidoptera (Order: Rhopalocera) Survey to Enhance the Ecotourism Initiative in Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia Fathihi-Hakimi Rosmidi, Amirah Azizah Zakaria, Amalina Adanan, Rosanira Mohammed, Muhamad- Aidil Zahidin And M. T Abdullah Ectoparasites of Small Mammals in Belukar Bukit and their Ecotourism Importance Nur Izzah Izzati Ahmad, Noor Aisyah A. Rahim and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Section 2: Wildlife in Ecotourism 24-67 Promoting Wildlife Tourism as a Conservation Effort of the Island Flying Fox in Pulau Bidong, Terengganu Potential in Pulau Bidong, Terengganu, Malaysia Azuan Roslan, Gertrude David, Elisabeth Pesiu, Muhamad-Aidil Zahidin, Fathihi-Hakimi Rosmidi, Nur-Izzah Izzati, Nor-Zalipah Mohamed and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Bird Sanctuary: A Potential Ecotourism Activity in Lake Kenyir, Terengganu Gertrude David, Azuan Roslan, Elizabeth Pesiu, Mohamad Razali Salam, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Abdulmula Abdulmajid Hamza and Reuben Clements Reptile Diversity as an Ecotourism Attraction in Pulau Bidong Amirah Azizah Zakaria, Noor Aisyah A. Rahim and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Establishing a Link Between Bee Conservation and Ecotourism Nur Amalina Adanan, Fathihi Rosmidi and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Bat Ecotourism Potential At Wind Cave Nature Reserve, Sarawak Through Bat Conservation Study Hasrulzaman Hassan Basri, Mohammad Akmal-Syafriq Rushisham,Qhairil Shyamri Rosli, Muhd. Amsyari Morni, Julius Willian Dee, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah and Mohd-Ridwan Abdul Rahman Ecotourism Conservation Potential of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis Larvatus) at Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak, Malaysia Mohamad Abid Kamaruzzaman, Muhammad Ismeer Ismail and Roberta Chaya Tawie Tingga Section 3: Ethno and Cultural Ecotourism 68-111 Socio-Economic Impact of National Elephant Conservation Centre on Local Entrepreneurs Sharifah Nur Hidayah Syed Alias, Huda Farhana Mohamad Muslim and Mohamad Khairul Adha Mat Amin A Proposed Study on Food Tourism: Examining Factors Affecting Tourists’ Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions towards Nyonya Restaurants in Malacca Ng Chien Ying, Shahrim Ab. Karim and Chua Bee Lia Ethno-Tourism: A Review on Natural Resources Use Pattern by Indigenous Community in Peninsular Malaysia Candyrilla Vera Bartholomew, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Ramle Abdullah and Gopalasamy Reuben Clements Ethno-Tourism: The Historical and Cultural Exploration of Gua Bewah in Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu Muhamad Aidil Zahidin, Wan Bayani Wan Omar, Wan Rohani Wan Taib, Jeffrine Japning Rovie Ryan, Azuan Harun and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Kenyir Lake: Ecotourism and Threats to its Development Muhammad Syamsul Aznan, Samuel E Walton and Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah Section 4: Recreation 112-190 A Preliminary Study on Effects of Temporal Closure on Soil Compaction and Trail Width at Forest Research Institute Malaysia Wan Mohd Nafizul Hal-Alim Wan Ahmad, Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli and Noor Azlin Yahya The Development of Creative Industries in Malaysia as Experienced by Les’copaque Production Siti Suriawati Isa Key Determinants Affecting Potential Consumers’ Preference towards Green Hotels in Malaysia Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong Abdullah