DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN YEAR - 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT CONTENT Sl.No. Topic Page No 1 Introduction 2 District Profile 3 Disaster Management Goals (2017 -2030) 4 Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability analysis with sample maps & link to all Vulnerable Maps Vulnerability Based on a) Infrastructure b) Socio Economic Groups 5 Institutional Mechanism 6 Preparedness 7 Prevention & Mitigation Plan (2015 -2030) (What Major & Minor Disasters will be addressed through Mitigation Measures) 8 Response Plan – Including Incident Response System (Covering Rescue, Evacuation and Relief) 9 Recovery and Reconstruction Plan 10 Mainstreaming of Disaster Management in Development Plans • Kudimaramath (PWD) • G.O.(Ms.)No.50 (Industries Dept., Regarding desilting of Tanks) • THAI (RD & PR) • CDRRP • MGNREGA • Dry Land Farming • ADB-Climate Change Adaptation Scheme • IAMWARM etc., 11 Community & Other Stakeholder Participation • CBDRM • First Responders • NGOs • Red Cross • Welfare Associations • Local Bodies etc., 12 Linkages / Co -Ordination with other agencies for Disaster Management 13 Budget and Other Financial Allocation – Outlays of Major Schemes 14 Monitoring and Evaluation • Hon’ble Ministers • Monitoring Officers • Inter Departmental Zonal Team (IDZT) 15 Risk Communication Strategies (Telecommunication / VHF / Media / CDRRP etc.,) 16 Important Contact Numbers and provision for Link to detailed information 17 Dos and Don’ts during all possible Hazards including Heat Wave 18 Important G.O.s 19 Linkages with IDRN 20 Specific issues on various Vulnerable Groups have been addressed 21 Mock Drill Schedules 1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHAT IS A DISASTER? The United Nations has defined a disaster as “. the occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts functioning of a society (or community).” It is an event or a series of events which results in loss of lives and/or damage or loss of property, infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood on a scale that is beyond the normal capacity of the affected communities to cope with unaided. Disaster is sometimes also used to describe a catastrophic situation in which the normal patterns of life has been disrupted and extraordinary emergency interventions are required to save and preserve human lives and the environment. Risk: Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to hazard event of a particular magnitude occurring in a given area over a specific time period. Risk is a function of the probability of particular occurrences and the losses each would cause. The level of risk varies with factors like nature of the hazard, vulnerability of elements which are affected and the economic value of those elements. Hazards and Vulnerability: Hazards are often defined as ‘phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures or economic asserts which may cause a disaster. They would be either man made or naturally occurring in our environment. (Disaster preparedness Training Manual, Philippine National Red Cross, 1994). A natural hazard pertains to natural phenomena which occur in proximity and pose a threat to people, structures and economic assets caused by Biological, Geological, Seismic, Hydrological or Meteorological conditions or processes in the natural 2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT environment. However, Vulnerability is defined as the extent to which a community, structure, service, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard on account of their particular nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or disaster prone area. It should be remembered that hazards by themselves are not disasters; they are threats that could trigger off disasters in vulnerable communities. Hence, a Disaster is a product of a hazard such as Earthquake, Flood or Cyclone coinciding with a vulnerable situation , which might include communities, cities or villages. A disaster is caused when the hazard strikes a vulnerable area/asset. Without neither vulnerability nor hazard, there is no disaster. This relationship can be depicted in a simple equation: 3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT Disaster Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability Around 30 odd types of disasters have been identified and they are grouped into 5 broad categories: 1. Water and climate related disasters – drought, flood, cyclone, heavy rains, cloudburst, gale wind, whirlwind, tornado, hailstorm, lightening, Tsunami, heatwave etc. 2. Geologically related disasters – earthquakes, volcanoes, landslide etc. 3. Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear related disasters. 4. Accident related disasters like air crash, rail collision etc. 5. Biologically related disasters. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS: The High Power Committee of Govt. of India has classified the hazards as follows: Natural Hazards: 1. Earthquake 2. Flood 3. Cloud Burst 4. Severe Storms, including lightning and high winds (Thunderstorms) 5. Drought 6. Heat and Cold Wave 7. Severe Storms, including lightning and high winds (Thunderstorms) Technological Hazards: 1. Chemical and Industrial Disasters 2. Building Collapsed 3. Train Accidents 4. Road Accidents 5. Major fire due to electrical short circuit / other reasons in important Industrial and Commercial areas. Human-caused Hazards (Intentional Acts): 1. Urban Fire 2. Serial Bomb Blast by terrorists. 3. Civil Disorder Riot 4. Stamped during Religious Ceremony Biological Hazards: 1. Disease Epidemic 2. Animal Disease 3. Food Poisoning 4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT 1.2 THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE : There are three key stages of activity within Disaster Management (i) Pre-Disaster: to reduce the potential for human, material or environmental losses caused by the hazards and to ensure these losses are minimized during disaster. (ii) During Disaster: to ensure that the basic needs and provisions of the survivors like shelter, drinking water, food, clothing, medical requirements, sanitation facilities etc are met to alleviate and minimize the suffering. (iii)Post-Disaster: to achieve rapid and durable recovery in a way that tries to ensure to the extent possible that the original vulnerable conditions are not reproduced. Disaster Management Cycle as shown below:- The Disaster Management Cycle consists of the following broad stages: i) The Disaster event: It implies the “real time” event of a hazard occurring and affecting the elements/communities at risk. The duration of the event will depend upon the type of threat as during an Earthquake, ground shaking may occur for a matter of seconds, while flooding may take place over a longer sustained period. 5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT ii) Response and Relief: This refers to the initial response of the administration and the community itself to a calamity and includes setting up of control room, dissemination of early-warning, evacuation, search and rescue operations, relief camp operations, medical aid to needy, etc. Simultaneously, immediate relief needs to be provided to the homeless like food, drinking water, clothing, etc. and efforts are to be made for the restoration of communication, disbursement of assistance in cash or kind. iii) Recovery: Recovery is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation and re-construction. Relief has been spelt out above while rehabilitation includes the provision of temporary public utilities and housing as interim measures. Reconstruction is the process for restoring the pre-disaster stage of normalcy in the functioning of the community and includes replacement of buildings, damaged infrastructure etc. iv) Development: Development process is an ongoing activity. Long term prevention / disaster reduction measures like construction of embankments, increasing plant cover to reduce the occurrence of landslides, land use planning, construction of houses capable of withstanding the onslaught of heavy rains/wind/ Earthquakes are some of the activities that can be taken up as part of development plans. v) Prevention and Mitigation: It involves activities which either reduce or modify the scale and intensity of the threat faced, thereby reducing the risk of disaster itself. Apart from undertaking physical measures for prevention and mitigation, it is essential that steps should be taken to reduce the physical, economic and social vulnerability to the threats by analyzing and addressing the underlying causes like unequal land ownership, exploitative tenancy relations, skewed wealth creation and distribution etc. 6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2017 TIRUVARUR DISTRICT vi) Preparedness: The all-important, all-encompassing phenomenon which embraces measures that enables Government, communities and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively. Preparedness includes the formulation of viable emergency plan, development of warning systems, the maintenance of inventories and the training of personnel. All preparedness planning needs to be supported by appropriate Rules & Regulations with clear allocation of responsibilities and budgetary provisions. 1.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN: NEED Disasters cause sudden disruption of the normal life of a community and cause damages to the life and property in a manner that the normal coping mechanisms are often found insufficient to handle. In such cases, a well-coordinated and conceived administrative and community response plays a vital role in alleviating the