MWRA Water Master Plan Table of Contents Executive Summary Chapter 1-Introduction 1.1 Overview of MWRA 1-1 1.2 Purpose of the Water Master Plan 1-1 1.3 Planning Approach, Assumptions and Time Frame 1-2 1.4 Organization of the Master Plan 1-3 1.5 Periodic Updates 1-3 Chapter 2-Planning Goals and Objectives 2.1 Planning Goals and Objectives Defining MWRA’S Water System Mission 2-1 2.2 Provide Reliable Water Delivery 2-2 2.3 Deliver High Quality Water 2-3 2.4 Assure an Adequate Supply of Water 2-4 2.5 Manage the System Efficiently and Effectively 2-5 Chapter 3-Water System History, Organization and Key Infrastructure 3.1 The Beginning – The Water System 3-1 3.2 The MWRA Water System Today 3-5 3.3 Water Infrastructure Replacement Asset Value 3-8 3.4 The Future Years 3-9 Chapter 4-Supply and Demand 4.1 Overview of the Water Supply System 4-1 4.2 System Capacity 4-3 4.3 Current System Demand 4-4 4.4 Projected System Demand in 2030 4-7 Chapter 5-Water Quality-Regulatory Context and Requirements 5.1 Chapter Summary 5-1 5.2 Existing and New Regulatory Context and Requirements 5-2 5.3 Treatment and Source Water Related Rules 5-3 5.4 Distribution System Rules 5-8 5.5 New Distribution System Requirements 5-10 5.6 Interaction Between Treatment and the Distribution System 5-12 5.7 Organic and Inorganic Contaminant Rules 5-13 5.8 Potential for the Regulation of Additional Ozone, Chloramine or UV DBPs 5-15 5.9 Uncertainty, Margin of Safety, and Perceived Risk 5-16 5.10 Lead and Copper Rule 5-17 5.11 Simultaneous Compliance 5-19 5.12 Source Water Quality and Watershed Protection 5-19 Attachment 1-MWRA SWTR Compliance History at Wachusett Reservoir 5-23 Chapter 6-Water Treatment and Facilities 6.1 Chapter Summary 6-1 6.2 Current Treatment for Metropolitan Boston 6-2 6.3 Asset Management and Ancillary Modifications to the Existing CWTP 6-4 6.4 Required Changes to Meet New Stage 2 D/DBP and LT2 ESWTR Requirements - Carroll Water Treatment Plant 6-7 6.5 Current Treatment for the Chicopee Valley Aqueduct System 6-10 6.6 Asset Management for the Existing WDF 6-11 6.7 Required Changes to Meet New Stage 2 D/DBP and LT2 ESWTR Requirements - Ware Disinfection Facility 6-11 6.8 Recommended Actions and Future Capital Improvements 6-13 Chapter 7-The Transmission System 7.1 Chapter Summary 7-1 7.2 Existing System Overview 7-3 7.3 Hydraulic Capacity 7-8 7.4 Reliability and Condition Assessments-Normal Operations 7-9 7.5 Standby Aqueducts and Facilities 7-27 7.6 Dams 7-34 7.7 Summary of Recommended Improvements 7-37 Chapter 8-The Metropolitan System 8.1 Chapter Summary 8-1 8.2 Pipelines 8-7 8.3 Valves 8-17 8.4 Storage 8-22 8.5 Pump Stations 8-27 8.6 Water Local Pipeline Assistance Program 8-29 8.7 Boston Low and Northern Low Service 8-33 8.8 Northern High Service 8-37 8.9 Southern High Service 8-41 8.10 Intermediate High Service 8-45 8.11 Northern Intermediate High Service 8-48 8.12 Northern Extra High Service 8-52 8.13 Southern Extra High Service 8-54 8.14 Summary of Recommended Metropolitan System Improvements 8-59 Attachment 8-1 8-67 Attachment 8-2 8-71 Attachment 8-3 8-74 Chapter 9-Ancillary Services 9.1 Chapter Summary 9-1 9.2 Metering 9-1 9.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) 9-2 9.4 Laboratory Services 9-4 9.5 Information Management 9-7 Chapter 10-Energy Management 10.1 Chapter Summary 10-1 10.2 Energy Use 10-1 10.3 Energy Management Strategy 10-2 10.4 Summary of Recommendations 10-7 MWRA Master Plan - Executive Summary OVERVIEW The Master Plan documents the investment needs of MWRA’s regional water and wastewater systems over the next 40 years, identifies 292 corresponding projects estimated at $3.2 billion in 2006 dollars, and prioritizes projects for consideration in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP) beginning in FY08. It is the product of a two and one-half year in-house effort involving Planning, Operations, Engineering and Finance staff1. During the process, MWRA’s Board of Directors, Advisory Board and Advisory Committees were briefed and provided input at regular intervals. The Master Plan is intended to serve as the principal framework for annual capital planning and budgeting and its spending recommendations have been incorporated in the MWRA’s multi-year financial planning estimates. The Plan is a key reference document that will be updated every five-to-ten years to reflect changing needs and priorities, regulatory requirements, and other considerations as appropriate. Approximately $2.3 billion of the identified projects are replacement of existing infrastructure at end of useful life. Staff determined early in the planning process that rehabilitation and replacement of existing assets would create the largest demand for future capital spending, driven by reinvestment in both in the $5 billion in new facilities created since the agency’s inception and in other facilities and infrastructure where rehabilitation or replacement was still needed. The CSO Program at $461 million is the next largest category of project spending; these projects have been approved by EPA and the court as part of MWRA’s Long Term CSO Control Plan. The addition of two water system member communities in 2006 and the Board’s discussion of the potential of using MWRA’s robust water supply to serve communities in water-stressed basins on its borders gave greater urgency to filling in gaps in the water system, as did vulnerability assessments undertaken in response to the events of September 11, 2001. Current and anticipated regulatory requirements for drinking water, along with water quality, energy management and security considerations, also shaped the Master Plan. Issues being debated nationally that could impact the MWRA system, such as climate change and pharmaceuticals in wastewater, are identified in the Master Plan, but there are no project-specific recommendations at this time. MWRA’s Advisory Board advocated for master planning to guide development of the annual CIP, adjust unrealistically low out-year spending projections, and coordinate the various planning studies underway or planned throughout the agency. MWRA last produced a system-wide water plan in 1993 and wastewater plan in 1997. In 2001, the planning functions of the then-separate Waterworks and Sewerage divisions were merged as part of a new Operations Division. In 2003, an independent Planning Department 1 The work of Lise Marx and Carl Leone to coordinate this effort and write much of the document is particularly acknowledged. 1 reporting to the Executive Director was established to coordinate planning toward the goal of producing an updated Master Plan for both the water and wastewater system. In December 2003, debt service assistance was eliminated by then-Governor Swift; it was restored in subsequent years but at greatly reduced levels. MWRA responded to the debt service assistance cuts by eliminating projects in the FY06 CIP. A completed master plan process was viewed as critical to CIP rebuilding. In developing Master Plan project recommendations, staff considered various studies and assessments, previous CIP projects, and asset maintenance histories. Projects were evaluated and prioritized by planning, operations and engineering managers using criteria for water and wastewater projects (see Attachment 1) developed by a broad-based staff committee. A full-day staff retreat was held in June 2006 to present preliminary findings and project recommendations. Staff presented prioritized Master Plan project recommendations for the wastewater and water system to the Board of Directors in the fall of 2006, and more refined project scopes and budgets were proposed and evaluated during the FY08 CIP development process. The sizing of the proposed FY08 CIP approved in December 2006 for transmittal by the Board of Directors to the Advisory Board for review reflects near-term rates management and capital project staffing considerations. The Proposed FY08 CIP includes all projects receiving a Priority 1 or Priority 2 ranking and a recommended $1 billion spending cap for FY09-13. The Master Plan is intended to be a companion document to the Proposed FY08 CIP to facilitate Advisory Board review this year, as well as in the future. The MWRA Master Plan has two volumes: a Wastewater Master Plan and a Water Master Plan. The Wastewater Master Plan includes distinct chapters for major facilities (e.g., Deer Island Treatment Plant) or groups of similar facilities (e.g., pump stations, sewers). The Water Master Plan includes major chapters on treatment, the transmission system and the metropolitan system. Chapters include project recommendations to address the issues and needs identified during the planning process. The Wastewater and Water Master Plans also describe the history of the systems and related background information, system goals and objectives, and the assumptions which provide the context for system master planning, including the regulatory framework. As such, the Master Plan is a key agency reference document. MWRA selected a 40-year Master Plan timeframe commencing with the FY08 CIP cycle and continuing through FY48 because it was consistent with estimated reinvestment cycles for existing MWRA water and wastewater facilities and infrastructure. As shown in Figure 1, reinvestment needs are expected to peak in FY44-53 largely because substantial structural components at MWRA’s largest facility, the Deer Island Treatment Plant, will require replacement at end of useful life.