UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES AS A TOOL FOR CHILD PROTECTION IN EMERGENCIES-A CASE STUDY OF KAKUMA REFUGEE CAMP, TURKANA COUNTY BY: MUTUA RUTH NZISA C50/63312/2011 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFULLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIOLOGY (ADVANCED DISASTER MANAGEMENT),UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DECLARATION This research project is of my original work and it has not been submitted either wholly or in part to this or any other university for the award of an academic credit. NAME: Mutua Ruth Nzisa SIGNATURE: DATE: _____________________________ SUPERVISOR This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor. NAME: Prof. Edward K. Mburugu SIGNATURE: ______________________________ DATE: ____________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTs This research project would not have come to a conclusion without the input, cooperation and support of a number of people, who in one way or another steered me towards my ultimate goal. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Edward Mburugu, Department of Sociology, University of Nairobi for his invaluable and tireless guidance. My greatest intellectual debt is to his commitment at every stage of this proposal. His challenge for me to clarify my ideas further pushed me to the limits of my analytical imagination. Gratitude to my family, my parents Mr. and Mrs. Mutua, my brothers Shadrack and Patrick Mutua for your support, patience, and being a source of encouragement throughout. Colleagues at World Vision for your understanding and support not forgetting Mr. Allan Odhiambo from the Lutheran World Federation and Woldorf staff in Kakuma refugee camp for the support so far. Above all, I remain forever grateful to the almighty God for his abundance of grace and mercy. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. VIII LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... IX ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. X CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 1.1Background of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Questions ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.5 Overall Objective ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Specific Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Justification of the Study .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.8 Scope and Limitation of the Study ........................................................................................................... 5 1.9 Definition of Key Terms............................................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........... 7 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Background of Child Friendly Spaces ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Guideline provisions for Child Protection in Emergencies ....................................................................... 8 2.3 Community, Children and caregiver involvement ................................................................................. 12 2.4 Physical space and materials ................................................................................................................. 16 2.5 Delivery and Content ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.6 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.6.1 Social Learning Theory ........................................................................................................................ 20 2.6.2 Social Exchange Theory ....................................................................................................................... 22 2.6.3 System Theory .................................................................................................................................... 24 2.7 Conceptual Framework .......................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 27 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Site Description ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Research Design ..................................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Unit of Analysis and Unit of Observation ............................................................................................... 28 3.6 Sample size and sampling procedure..................................................................................................... 29 3.7 Methods of Data Collection ................................................................................................................... 31 3.7.1 Oral Interview ..................................................................................................................................... 31 3.7.2 Key informant interview ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.7.3 Observation data ................................................................................................................................ 32 iv 3.8 Validity and reliability ............................................................................................................................ 33 3.9 Ethical Consideration ............................................................................................................................. 33 3.10 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 33 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION ......................................... 35 4:1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 Response rate ..................................................................................................................................... 35 4.2: Socio-Demographic Information ........................................................................................................... 35 4.2.1 Gender ................................................................................................................................................ 35 4.2.2 Level of education ............................................................................................................................... 35 4.2.3 Age of the respondents ....................................................................................................................... 36 4.3 Main findings ......................................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.1 Structure of Child Friendly Spaces ...................................................................................................... 36 4.3.1.1 Period Children have attended the spaces ...................................................................................... 37 4.3.1.2 Hours spend in a Child Friendly Space in a day ................................................................................ 37 4.3.1.3 Number of