No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF WATER, FOREST, HUNTING AND SOIL CONSERVATION REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL THE STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MANGROVE IN THE PETIT-CÔTE AND SALOUM DELTA IN THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MANGROVE FORESTS FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY, 2005 JOINT VENTURE FOR THE STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MANGROVE IN THE PETIT-CÔTE AND SALOUM DELTA IN THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL JAPAN FOREST TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION IC NET CO., LTD. GE JR 05-003 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF WATER, FOREST, HUNTING AND SOIL CONSERVATION REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL THE STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MANGROVE IN THE PETIT-CÔTE AND SALOUM DELTA IN THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR MANGROVE FORESTS FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY, 2005 JOINT VENTURE FOR THE STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MANGROVE IN THE PETIT-CÔTE AND SALOUM DELTA IN THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL JAPAN FOREST TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION IC NET CO., LTD. PREFACE In response to a request of the Government of Senegal, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a study on Sustainable Management of the Mangrove in the Petite Cote and Saloum Delta (hereinafter referred to as “the study”) and entrusted to the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched the study team headed by Mr. Tadao OHARA of Japan Forest Technology Association and consists of Japan Forest Technology Association and IC-Net Co., LTD. between Jan 2002 and Dec 2004. The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Senegal and conducted field surveys at the study area. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted further studies and prepared this final report. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of this project and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Senegal for their close cooperation extended to the study. February 2005 Etsuo KITAHARA, Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Mr. Etsuo KITAHARA February, 2005 Vice President : Japan International Cooperation Agency Dear Mr. KITAHARA The Study on Sustainable Management of Mangrove Forests in The Petit-Côte and Saloum Delta in the Republic of Senegal has now been completed and the Final Report for the Study is submitted herewith. This Report compiles the Master Plan together with the findings of various surveys and analyses conducted in the period from December, 2001 to March, 2005 by a joint venture formed by the Japan Forest Technology Association and IC Net Co., Ltd. in accordance with the contract concluded with the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Through the Study, the Master Plan has been formulated along three key axes, i.e. (i) utilisation and rearing of forest resources for the sustainable management of mangrove forests, (ii) utilisation and management of marine resources and (iii) utilisation and conservation of tourism resources. Publicity, education and environmental education in connection with the implementation of the Master Plan are also planned. Some of the planning items were actually implemented as the Pilot Project in 10 villages in a participatory manner. Efforts were made throughout the Pilot Project implementation process to enhance the awareness of local residents of the importance of mangrove forests. The Final Master Plan incorporates the lessons and important points learned from the Pilot Project. It is sincerely hoped that the Sustainable Management Plan (Master Plan) will be put into practice with the conscious efforts of the Government of Senegal and others concerned in Senegal, thereby contributing to the enhancement of mangrove forests in the Saloum Delta and the development of local communities. On behalf of the Study Team members, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude for the useful guidance and assistance provided by officials of the Japan International Cooperation Agency, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries throughout the study period. The Study Team members greatly appreciate the valuable advice and assistance they received in Senegal from officials of the JICA-Senegal Office, the Embassy of Japan and the Department of Water, Forest, Hunting and Soil Conservation of the Senegalese Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection. Tadao OHARA Team Leader The Study Team for Sustainable Management of The Mangrove in The Petit-Côte and Saloum Delta in the Republic of Senegal 1. Explanation and Discussion of the Inception 2. Mangrove forest near Toubakouta Report 3. Interview with local inhabitants 4. Mangrove forest survey (Rhizophora) 5. Mangrove firewood used by local residents 6. Participatory Workshop (Mar Fafako, Pilot Project) 7. Planting of Rhizophora seedlings (Djirnda, Pilot 8. Planting of Avicennia seedlings (Dassilame Project) Sérère) 9. Creation of a village forest (teak, Dassilame Sérère, 10. Improved smoking kiln (Bassoul, Pilot Project) Pilot Project) 11. Oyster culture Guirlandes (Sokone Oyster 12. Heavy cloth shoes and gloves and face masks Producers’ Union, Pilot Project) made by local inhabitants (Moundé, Pilot Project) 13. Improved oven for home cooking (Bangalère, 14. Horse carriage for eco-tourism (Moundé, Pilot Pilot Project) Project) 15. Avicennia nursing and planting experiment 16. Technical Transfer Seminar (Somone Nursery) CONTENTS Preface Letter of Transmittal List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Summary Chapter 1 Outline of the Study ............................................................................................................ 1 1. Outline of the Study ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of the Study............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Study Area..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Implementation of the Study ......................................................................................... 2 Chapter2 Present Conditions of the Study Area ................................................................................. 7 2. Present Conditions of the Study Area ................................................................................. 7 2.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Natural Conditions...........................................................................................7 2.1.2 Socioeconomic Conditions.............................................................................. 9 2.2 Mangrove Forest Resources ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.1 Present Distribution of Mangrove Forests..................................................... 15 2.2.2 Quantity of Mangrove Forest Resources....................................................... 16 2.2.3 Survey on Mangrove Planting Situation........................................................ 20 2.2.4 Utilisation Situation of Mangrove Forests..................................................... 25 2.2.5 Evaluation of Conservation and Planting Activities for Mangrove Forests .. 26 2.3 Fisheries Resources ..................................................................................................... 28 2.3.1 An Overview of Fisheries Resources ............................................................ 28 2.3.2 Fisheries Resources Utilization in the Mangrove Ecosystem........................ 31 2.4 Conservation of nature and Ecotourism ...................................................................... 40 2.4.1 Situation of the nature protection .................................................................. 40 2.4.2 Ecotourism..................................................................................................... 40 2.5 Socioeconomy ............................................................................................................. 45 2.5.1 Questionnaire Survey on Utilisation Situation of Mangrove Forests by Local Residents ........................................................................................ 45 2.5.2 Questionnaire Survey Results........................................................................ 46 2.5.3 State of rural communities in the areas under study...................................... 55 2.5.4 State of women and the issues they face ....................................................... 59 2.5.5 Activities of other development assistance organizations............................. 63 2.6 Empowerment activities and environmental education............................................... 65 2.6.1 Environmental education in schools.............................................................. 65 2.6.2 Empowerment activities for residents ........................................................... 68 2.7 Oceanographic Condition and Coastal Erosion Survey .............................................. 70 2.7.1