Coastal Profile for Zanzibar 2014 Thematic Volume I Including Threats Prioritisation Investment Prioritisation for Resilient Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Coastal Zones of Tanzania List of Contents List of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ ix List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... xiii Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................. xvii Table of Units ......................................................................................................................................... xxi 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 Coastal Areas ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Vulnerable Areas under Pressure ....................................................................................................................... 1 Tanzania.............................................................................................................................................................. 1 The Project ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Partners ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Phases and Activities .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Schedule .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Coastal Profile ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Presentation of the Coastal Profile ...................................................................................................................... 4 Threats Prioritisation ........................................................................................................................... 5 Process................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Threats Prioritisation Methodology Brief ........................................................................................................... 6 Overall Threats Prioritisation Outcome ............................................................................................................. 7 2 COASTAL COMMUNITIES ......................................................................................................... 18 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 18 The context .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Settlements and administrative description ...................................................................................................... 18 The economy ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 Population ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 Livelihood activities ........................................................................................................................... 19 Fisheries ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 Tourism ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Mariculture ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 Agriculture ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 Salt production .................................................................................................................................................. 22 Sand and stone collection .................................................................................................................................. 22 Other resources supporting livelihoods ......................................................................................... 22 Land and land use patterns ............................................................................................................................... 22 Mangroves and Coastal forests [thickets] ......................................................................................................... 23 Implications to Climate Change effects .......................................................................................... 23 Summary of climate change impacts..................................................................................................... 24 Vulnerability and mitigation ................................................................................................................ 24 Economic costs of climate change ......................................................................................................... 25 Adaptive capacity of communities ........................................................................................................ 26 Management interventions ............................................................................................................... 26 Issues emerging .................................................................................................................................. 26 3 COASTAL FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE ........................................................................... 29 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Management of the Fishery Sector .................................................................................................. 29 iii Description of the Fishery Resource and its Use ........................................................................... 30 Fishery Types and Fishing Grounds ................................................................................................................. 30 Fishing Effort and Yields .................................................................................................................................. 30 Status of the Fishery .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Major issues ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Economic Importance of the Fishery ............................................................................................... 32 Finfish Fishery Revenue .................................................................................................................................... 32 Overall Fishery and Seaweed Exports............................................................................................................... 32 Socio-economic Importance of Fisheries and Aquaculture .......................................................... 32 Finfish and Invertebrate Fisheries ..................................................................................................................... 32 Sea Weed Farming ............................................................................................................................................ 33 Mariculture ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 Threats to Coastal Communities Relying on Fisheries for their Livelihoods ............................ 33 Vulnerability to Climate, Climate Variability and Climate Change ........................................... 34 CRIAM Ranking of Threats to Local Communities associated with Fisheries ......................... 36 Outlook for Fisheries ......................................................................................................................... 37 4 TOURISM .......................................................................................................................................