Handouts for Advanced Phonology: A Course Packet Steve Parker GIAL and SIL International Dallas, 2016 Copyright © 2016 by Steve Parker and other contributors Page 1 of 304 Preface This set of materials is designed to be used as handouts accompanying an advanced course in phonology, particularly at the graduate level. It is specifically intended to be used in conjunction with two textbooks: Phonology in generative grammar (Kenstowicz 1994), and Optimality theory (Kager 1999). However, this course packet could potentially also be adapted for use with other phonology textbooks. The materials included here have been developed by myself and others over many years, in conjunction with courses in phonology taught at SIL programs in North Dakota, Oregon, Dallas, and Norman, OK. Most recently I have used them at GIAL. Many of the special phonetic characters appearing in these materials use IPA fonts available as freeware from the SIL International website. Unless indicated to the contrary on specific individual handouts, all materials used in this packet are the copyright of Steve Parker. These documents are intended primarily for educational use. You may make copies of these works for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. However, republication or commercial use of these materials is expressly prohibited without my prior written consent. Steve Parker Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics Dallas, 2016 Page 2 of 304 1 Table of contents: list of handouts included in this packet Day 1: Distinctive features — their definitions and uses -Pike’s premises for phonological analysis ......................................................................... 7 -Phonemics analysis flow chart ........................................................................................... 9 -Distinctive feature matrix ................................................................................................ 10 -Major class features ......................................................................................................... 12 -Vowel features ................................................................................................................. 13 -IPA/APA charts ............................................................................................................... 14 Day 2: Practice with distinctive features and formal rules -Formal devices ................................................................................................................. 16 -Phonetic chart consonants ................................................................................................ 22 -Phonetic chart vowels ...................................................................................................... 23 -Phonemic chart consonants .............................................................................................. 24 -Phonemic chart vowels .................................................................................................... 25 -Some important resources for studying phonology ......................................................... 26 Day 3: More practice with distinctive features (none) Day 4: Morphophonemic analysis -Morphophonemics homework instructions ...................................................................... 27 -Procedures for morphophonemic analysis ....................................................................... 28 -Derivations ....................................................................................................................... 29 -What to do with your data ................................................................................................ 30 -Lamba problem ................................................................................................................ 35 Day 5: Rule ordering relationships -Spanish rule ordering problem ......................................................................................... 36 -Ordering relationship types .............................................................................................. 39 -Sample rule ordering problems ........................................................................................ 40 Day 6: Exercise 3.5 (Somali) -Instructions for homework (exercise 3.1: Serbo-Croatian) .............................................. 43 -Somali discussion ............................................................................................................. 45 Day 7: Continue with exercise 3.5 (Somali) (none) Day 8: Introduction to feature geometry theory (none) Day 9: Practice with feature geometry -Data and instructions for Indonesian problem ................................................................. 49 -Evaluating analyses .......................................................................................................... 53 -Tips for feature geometry trees ........................................................................................ 54 Page 3 of 304 2 Day 10: Motivation for feature geometry -Lecture notes on the motivation for feature geometry ..................................................... 62 Day 11: Lexical phonology -Icelandic instructions (exercise 5.1)................................................................................. 65 -The model of lexical phonology ...................................................................................... 66 -Distinctions between lexical and postlexical rules .......................................................... 67 -English ng ........................................................................................................................ 68 -Marlett: application of phonological rules ....................................................................... 69 Day 12: Syllable structure and syllabification -Chamicuro syllable types ................................................................................................. 74 Day 13: Sonority -Berber instructions (exercise 6.6) .................................................................................... 75 -Lecture notes on sonority ................................................................................................. 76 -Serbo-Croatian data ......................................................................................................... 78 -Sonority hierarchy ............................................................................................................ 79 Day 14: Tone — autosegmental phonology and Goldsmith’s Well-Formedness Condition -Important principles of autosegmental phonology........................................................... 80 Day 15: Tone — the Obligatory Contour Principle and the Universal Association Convention (none) Day 16: Practice exercises with tone -Tone phenomena (Keith Snider) ...................................................................................... 82 -Data problem: Mixteco of Santo Tomas .......................................................................... 96 Day 17: More practice exercises with tone -Factors which affect tone ................................................................................................. 97 -Orthography design (Snider) ............................................................................................ 98 Day 18: Metrical phonology (stress) -Parameters for grid construction .................................................................................... 108 -Stress patterns in Chamicuro ......................................................................................... 109 Day 19: Practice exercises with metrical phonology -Palauan exercise ............................................................................................................. 110 Day 20: More practice exercises with metrical phonology (none) Day 21: More practice exercises with metrical phonology -Latin stress data .............................................................................................................. 111 -Arabic stress data ........................................................................................................... 112 -Motivation for metrical phonology ................................................................................ 113 Page 4 of 304 3 Day 22: Review for midterm exam -Sherlock Holmes ............................................................................................................ 114 Day 23: Midterm exam (in class) (none) Day 24: Introduction to optimality theory and tableaux -Sample constraints and tableaux .................................................................................... 115 Day 25: Overview of the OT model -Quote from Hale ............................................................................................................ 121 -Ethics quote (Collins) .................................................................................................... 122 -The nature of an OT grammar........................................................................................ 123 -Some important resources for studying optimality theory ............................................. 127 -Specifications for final paper ......................................................................................... 129 Day 26: Generalized alignment -Sample constraints and tableaux illustrating generalized alignment ............................