FROM COPERNICUS TO NEWTON: THE ORIGINS OF MODERN SCIENCE TERMS FOR WEEK 5 Réné Descartes, (1596-1650) Tours, La Flèche University of Poitiers Isaac Beekman (1588-1637) Gisbert Voet (1589-1676), Rector of the University of Utrecht Queen Christina of Sweden Le Monde (1632) Discours de la Methode (1637) La dioptrique, Les météores, La géometrie Meditationes de prima philosophiae (1641) Principia philosophiae (1644) cogito, ergo sum (je pense, donc je suis) Aristotle, Scholasticism extension & thought scientia dubito, ergo Deus est Cartesianism Bernard de Fontenelle (1657-1757) Entretiens sur la Pluralité des Mondes (1686) L’Ésprit géometrique mechanics Pierre Simon de LaPlace (1749-1827) Je n’avais pas besoin de cette hypothèse là Joseph Louis LaGrange (1736-1813) astronomy relativism, Einstein optics Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618-1663) - wave theory of light University of Bologna Christian Huygens (1629-1695) Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - microscope biology Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1681) De motu animalium (1680-81) Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) - circulation of the blood John Ray/Wray (1628-1705) Historia generalis plantarum, 3 vols. (1686, 1688, 1704) pneumatics Evangelista Toricelli (1608-1647) - barometer (1643) Continued on back Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) - vacuum Otto von Guericke (1602-1687) - air pump (1650) Huygens - pendulum clock (1656) chemistry Robert Boyle (1627-1691) Corpuscular chemistry Origins of Forms and Quantities (1667) Mechanical Origins of Heat and Cold (1675) - Boyle’s Law The Skeptical Chemist (1680) mathematics analytical geometry Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz (1646-1716) Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge Royal Society Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Optics (1704) annus miribilis 1666 calculus, binomial theorem, particle theory of light, gravitation Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (1687) Edmund Halley 1) bodies at rest tend to stay at rest, and bodies in motion tend to stay in motion, unless acted on by an outside force 2) change in force is proportional to change in motion (Modern version - force = mass x accelleration) 3) every action has an equal and opposite reaction.