I I! lonograph on the Planktonic Shrimps Am- - - -- - - -"- I of ---,- ',-- -.[Family La I I'r:I:? 1 from the Indian E E Z I - i. I ,,,. I I,AL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITU INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH P. B. No. 1603, ERNAKULAM NORTH P. O., COCHIN - 682 018, KERALA, INDIA L Monograph on the Planktonic Shrimps of the Genus Lucifer (Family Luciferidae) from the Indian EEZ T.S. Naomi, Geetha Antony, Rani Mary George, S. Jasmine CENTRAL MARINE FISKERZES RESEARCH INSTITUTE ~.s (INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH) :4; wm CAR P.B. NO. 1603, COCHIN-682 018, INDIA L./ Monograph on the Planktonic Shrimps of the Genus Lucifer (Family Luciferidae) from the Indian EEZ Prof. Dr.) Mohan Joseph Modayil Director Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin - 682 018. Kerala, India Telephone : + 9 1-484-2394798 Fax : + 9 1-484-2394909 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://u~ww.cmfri.corn Cover Lnyouf : V. Edwin Joseph O 2006, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin - 18. Front Cover : Lucifer opus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, hlale TL 12 rnrn Pri~rredaf: Nisccma Printers & Publishers, Cochin - 18, Kenla, India. Ph : 0184-2403760 11 FOREWORD Since its inception in 1947 the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has been giving importance to the study of trophic level organisms and their role in the marine food web of the fishery environment. Studies were conducted extensively on the secondary producers from the estuarine, nearshore and the oceanic environments of the Indian coasts. Copepods, euphausiids, siphonophores, mysids, cladocerans, amphipods, chaetognaths, penaeid shrimps, fish eggs and larvae are some of the key groups of zooplankton that were investigated in detail. Taxonomy was the backbone of such fishery related studies besides highlighting the interrelationship between the prey and the predator. However, until now adequate attention is not focused on the taxonomic studies of the marine decapod zooplankton in India. Ageat deal of information was generated on the zooplankton collected by FORV SagarSa~npada during her cruises in the Indian EEZ covering the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Lakshadweep islands and the Andaman-Nicobar island ecosystem since 1985. Based on such already availal3le database in the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, it was thought appropriate to make taxonomic endeavours in the form of monographs for specifying the diagnostic characters and other relevant details of the widely known decapod families from the Indian EEZ. As a first step towards fulfilling this task, the study of the truly planktonic pelagic shrimps of the family Luciferidae from the Indian seas was conducted, as it remained the least studied group despite the fact that the larvae and adults of the family contribute to a sizable percentage of the zooplankton of the coastal seas around India. The database of this monograph from the Indian EEZ is based on the zooplankton collections made by FORV Sagar Sanzpada during her first 44 cruises (1985-1988) and also the coastal samples off Cochin by the mechanized vessel Cadal~ninin 1992. Besides, species of this family are known to be the ideal prey items for the coastal fishes and large shrimps of India. This monograph on the very common planktonic genus Lucifer from the Indian waters is the first output of the taxonomic efforts taken by the newly fonned Marine Biodiversity Division in the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute under its in-house Project Taro~rornyof Marine Zooplankton (FEM/BIOD/Ol). The authors deserve all appreciation for bringing out this publication in time followed by the completion report of the project in June 2005. I hope that many more of such books will come out on related groups in future to help those who are keen to work on zooplankton of the Indian seas and their taxonomic features and placements. I am glad to place on record that the monograph has achieved its goal by forming itself a document for the correct identification of one of the common zooplankters thus resolving the existing taxonomy related issues on the group. Attempts have been made to ensure that the monograph is a user-friendly publication for the end-user and to build up a checklist wherever needed. Updated classification, easy to follow iilustrations together with structures of taxonomic importance including the latest information on the dendrobranchiate crustaceans in general and the family Luciferidae in particular make this book an asset for plankton workers. Prof. (Dr.) Mohan Joseph Modayil Director PREFACE The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute has been promoting taxonomic research that forms the basis of the science of biodiversity. The Institute started zooplankton research in India as early as the 1940s. The research on planktonology came to limelight with the arrival of FORV Sagar Sarrrpada two decades back. Several taxa of zo~~laiktonof the Jndian EEZ were studied in detail for their distribution, ecology and biology. However, taxonomy, ecology and biology of the epiplanktonic shrimps of the genus Lucifer from the Indian EEZ were not specifically addressed. The present monograph is the outcome of a comprehensive study on taxonomy of the members of the genus Lucifer. We take this opportunity to thank ail those who had helped us to achieve the target of preparing a monograph. We express our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Mohan Joseph Modayil, Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute for providing facilities for undertaking this work and the keen interest evinced during the different stages of preparation without which it would not have been possible for us to complete the work. We are extremely grateful to Dr. M. Rajagopalan, Head, Fishery Environment and Management Division for his constant encouragement and scientific support extended to us throughout the period of this work. We are immensely grateful to Dr. K.J. Mathew, Principal Scientist (Retired) and Emeritus Scientist who spared his time and professional expertise to review the manuscript and for offering valuable suggestions. We also remember with gratitude Dr. V.S.R. Murty, Former Head, Demersal Fisheries Division and Principal Scientist (Retired) of CMFRI for his encouragement and guidance on the Project Tauonomy of Zooplankto~z.We are much thankful to the referee for giving suggestions for improvement of the manuscript and the encouraging remarks. We wish to record our gratitude and happiness to Mr. N.K. Sanil, Scientist (SG) of the Marine Biodiversity Division for the timely help rendered by patiently making the photomicrographs of the different species of the genus Lucifer. Our sincere thanks are also to Mr. V. Edwin Joseph, Library-in-Charge and his team for providing some of the very old and valuable references as well as for the latest publications on the family Luciferidae through electronic media. The assistance extended by our colleagues, Ms. Rekha J. Nair, Scientist, Mr. K. Balachandran, Technical Officer & Curator, Mr. V.J. Thomas, Senior Technical Assistant and Ms. P.K. Anitha, PA. of the Division during the preparation of the monograph is gratefully acknowledged. T.S. Naomi Geetha Antony Rani Mary George S. Jasmine CONTENTS .. Foreword 111 Preface v Contents vii Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Historical background 3 Taxonomic placement of the family 5 Superfamily Sergestoidea Dana. 1852 - Distinguishing characters 7 Family Luciferidae De Haan, 1849 - Distinguishing characters 7 Genus Lzicifer Thompson, 1829 8 Species identification characters 10 Species composition and abundance in the Indian EEZ 22 Key to the species of the genus Lucifer Thompson, 1829 23 1. Lucifer typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 23 2. Lucifer hanseni Nobili, 1905 27 3. Lucifer fmni Borradaile, 1915 3 1 4. Lucifer orientalis Hansen, 19 19 35 5. LucifEr intermediris Hansen, 19 19 39 6. Lucifer penicillfet- Hansen, 1919 42 7. Lucijier chacei Bowman, 1967 46 List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of Lucifer spp. in the Indian EEZ Fig. 2. Taxonomic features used in shrimp taxonomy Fig. 3. Male of Lucifer sp. morphological characters Fig. 4. Female of Lucifer sp. morphological characters Fig. 5. Characters used in the identification of male & female of Lucifer sp. Fig. 6. Life-history stages of Lucifer sp. Fig. 7. Developmental stages and structures of Lucifer Izaizseni and Lucifer sp. Fig. 8. Developmental structures of protozoea of Lucifer sp. Fig. 9. Developmental structures of protozoea and mysis of Lucifer harzse~zi Plate 1. Lucifer gpus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Fig. 10. Diagnostic characters of L. opus Plate 2. Lucifer hanseni Nobili, 1905 Fig. 11. Diagnostic characters of L. lzatrseni Plate 3. Lucifer fuwni Borradaile, 19 15 Fig. 12. Diagnostic characters of L. faoni Plate 4. Lucifer orie~ztalisHansen, 19 19 Fig. 13. Diagnostic characters of L. orie~ztnlis Plate 5. Lucifer intenlzedius Hansen, 19 19 Fig. 14. Diagnostic characters of L. inrentledizts ' Plate 6. Lucifer penicillfer Hansen, 19 I9 Fig. 15. Diagnostic characters of L. ye~zicillfer Plate 7. Lucifer chacei Bowman, 1967 Fig. 16. Diagnostic characters of L. chacei References vii ABSTRACT The decapod dendrobranchiate shrimps of the family Luciferidae De Haan, 1849 under the superfamily Sergestoidea Dana, 1852 were studied comprehensively to prepare a taxonomic monograph and thus to record the taxonomic placement, diagnostic characters and the distribution of each species of the family in the seas around India. The zooplankton samples of the first 44 cruises of FORV Sagar Sanlpado in the Indian EEZ and the collections made from the coastal sea off Cochin for a period of one year constituted the database of this investigation. These holoplanktonic pelagic shrimps were chosen for a detailed taxonomic study due to its importance in the coastal food web and the abundance in planktonic state throughout the year exhibiting peak dominance during the southwest monsoon and immediate postmonsoon months. The study brought to light the presence of a11 the seven world species of the genus Lucifer in the Indian EEZ and thus added three more new records, namely.