Ancient Rome (Zoch) Reading Questions/Topics ~ Western Civ. I (S2-Handout) ~ Allred ​ *Ch.1: A Linguistic Introduction: (12 para) 1. Indo European root to all modern languages. 2. Latin’s influence on English, which is nowadays the dominant world language and the central language of Western Civilization. *Ch.2: Rome’s Origins According to the Ancients: (10 para) 1. History: Ancient Roman historians were more concerned about writing history well in terms of honor, glory, and entertainment value - instead of accuracy, and distinguishing historical fact from fiction. 2. Aeneas: an early famous and important ‘Founder’ of the Roman empire. Fell in love with Dido, but sailed off after being reminded of his divine destiny to found a great nation (Rome), after which he was cursed by Dido; which explains the later Punic wars between Rome and Carthage. 3. Prophecy: Aeneas’ father prophesies of Rome’s future greatness; in war and in establishing control and dominance over other people, creating an empire that rivals even that of Greece’s earlier empire. *Ch.3: Romulus & Remus Found Rome: (14 para) 1. Romulus & Remus: both serve as heroic myths, ‘Founders’ of the Roman empire, destined for greatness. 2. Romulus killed Remus, established ruling policies & laws, and established Roman domination of early Italy, and presided over the rape of the Sabine women, which ended in political/social allies for Rome. 3. Examples of King Romulus’ established rules & customs: sticks/axe “fascis” (punishment/execution of citizens), senate, patricians, plebs/plebians, etc. 4. Sabine Women: The Romans kidnapped (aka “raped”) the Sabine women in a surprise attack at a social gathering, in an effort to increase the population of Rome. This resulted in war, which ended in a peace treaty between the Rome and the neighboring Sabines. Rome is destined to be a conqueror of peoples, a model of establishing and maintaining an international empire in Europe. 5. Prophecy: Proculus Julius said that Romulus came down from heaven and explained how Rome would become great and renowned as a ruler of men, skilled with weapons and able to overcome by force all others. Ch. 4: Kings After Romulus: 1. What was the “Interregnum” and what’s its possible value? 2. How did King Numa use religion to benefit his people? Be specific. 3. Describe the purpose & outcome of the contest between the Horatii and the Curiatii triplets. Based on the deeds of the Horatius triplet, what kind of character does he appear to have? 4. What moral lesson/wisdom may be learned from the experience of Mettius Fufetius? 5. Describe the purpose and value of the rites that Ancus Marcius established: 6. What moral lesson/wisdom may be learned from Tarquin’s experience with the oracle books? 7. What was Servius’ main accomplishment? What does this teach us about democracy, wealth, and political power in the Roman republic? Ch. 5: Tarquin’s Coup d’Etat & the End of the Monarchy: 1. Use details/examples to describe how the actions of the following individuals reflect their character: 1) Lucius Tarquinian Superbus 2) Brutus 3) Sextus Tarquinius 4) Lucretia. 2. Explain how the Roman monarchy ended. Was this a good or bad event, historically speaking? Explain. ----------------------------------------------------- 1 Ancient Rome (Zoch) Reading Questions/Topics ~ Western Civ. I (S2-Handout) ~ Allred ​ Ch. 6: The Res Publica “Senatus Populusque Romanus”: 1. Paraphrase the definition of the following terms/subtopics in chapter 6. After each definition briefly discuss any relevance or modern day equivalent & the virtue/wisdom found within the purpose, function, or consequence of each part of ancient Rome: a. Res Publica b. The Magistrates (Consuls) c. The Dictator d. The Censors e. The Quaestor f. The Aediles g. The Tribunes h. The Senate i. Cursus Honorum j. The Assemblies of the People k. The Priests Ch. 7: Traitors & Heroes of the Early Republic: 1. vice (bad) or virtue (good) that is demonstrated through these peoples’ experiences: ​ a. Collatinus b. Publius Valerius (aka Poplicola) c. Brutus (ie. patres conscripti, and Titus & Tiberius) d. Horatius Cocles e. Gaius Mucius Scaevola (lefty) f. Cloelia g. Aulus Postumius h. the Fabii 2. Which of these examples from Chapter 7 (a-h) do you admire most & why? Explain. Ch. 8: Class Conflict in Rome: 1. What does the plight of the old & diseased centurion say about class conflict in the early Roman republic? What does the consul Servius do to try to solve this problem & how effective was this “solution”? Explain: 2. What speech did Menenius Agrippa give, and did it result in the “common people’s anger” cooling? Explain why or why not: 3. What compromise or agreement did the common people reach with the aristocrats (ie. ruling class of people)? Explain (ie. tribunes, imperium, intercessio): 4. What was the purpose & function of the decemviri? 5. What were the 12 Tables & what did they have to do with the Solon of ancient Greece? (yes, the same Solon we read Plutarch’s Life about) 6. What “concern” & “respect” of the ancient Romans do the 12 Tables reflect? List at least six examples of the laws found on the 12 Tables: 7. What type of law concerns the rights of citizens, the basis of which was formed by the 12 Tables? Explain how Roman law helped in the development of Western civilization? 8. The U.S.A. is a “democratic republic” while ancient Rome was merely a republic. Discuss how the continuing class conflict [p.55-57] relates to democracy (government for the people & by the people): Ch. 9: Coriolanus, Cincinnatus, and Camillus: 1. What was Coriolanus up to & why? What did his mother teach him, and what can we learn from this experience? Explain: 2. What happened after Cincinnatus put on his toga, and later after his triumph, and why? In his early life, George Washington learned about and came to admire Cincinnatus; explain what is admirable about Cincinnatus’ decisions/character & what you learn (or should learn) from him: 2 Ancient Rome (Zoch) Reading Questions/Topics ~ Western Civ. I (S2-Handout) ~ Allred ​ 3. What incident occurred between the Falerian teacher and Camillus the general? What do the examples of these two men (as well as what happened between the Romans & the Falerii) teach us about the character/values that we should choose? Explain: Ch. 10: The Gauls Sack Rome: 1. Summarize the historical events as found in chapter 10 and include the following within your A.C.S.E. descriptive summary: a) celts/Gauls, b) Caere, c) sacred geese, d) “ferro, non auro,” e) signum, f) Torquatus. Respond in complete sentences please. ------------------------------------------------ Ch. 11: The Wars with the Samnites: 1. Write a complete sentence that outlines/summarizes each of the 5 sections of chapter 11, for a chapter summary that totals 5 sentences: Ch. 12: King Pyrrhus’ Pyrrhic Victories [p.86-93] 1. Describe the first battle between the Romans and King Pyrrus; who won & at what cost? 2. What two things was Fabricius, a Roman ambassador to King Pyrrus, known for? 3. Explain what Fabricius’ response to King Pyrrus’ offer of bribery teaches about honor, poverty, and riches: ​ ​ 4. During the Roman senate’s discussion about what to do regarding King Pyrrus, the old & “blind” Appies Claudius Caecus stood up & spoke. What argument (ie. reasons) did he give against making peace with King Pyrrhus? 5. In your own words, explain the meaning and the historical event surrounding the following: “You are ​ waging war against just and honorable men, while you put your trust in evil and unjust men” (p.88): ​ 6. What moral lesson or wisdom may we learn from how the Roman consul Fabricius responded to King Pyrrus’ doctor’s offer? Do you believe that “all is fair in love and war,” including dishonorable or deceptive acts? Explain your opinion: 7. Explain the history behind & the meaning of the term Pyrrhic victory: ​ ​ 8. What had Rome accomplished by the year 264 B.C.? How did this accomplishment possibly assist Rome on its march to empire? 9. In the third century B.C., about how many different peoples lived in Italy? 10. Civitas Romana: What were the rights/responsibilities of Roman citizens? 11. In what ways was Latinum nomen different from Civitas Romana? 12. How did the municipia, the Socii italici, and the Saturnalia help Rome manage Italy? 13. Describe the specific purpose & the effects of the Roman-Latin colonies: 14. What was the greatest thing that Rome brought to non-Latin Italians? Ch. 13: The First Punic War [p.94-99]: 1. What Phoenician city did Rome wage the Punic Wars against, on its march to empire? 2. Explain the mythological reason or cause of the Punic Wars between Rome & Carthage: 3. Briefly describe the conflict (& the reason) that led up to the Romans building a navy: 4. What was the purpose of the Roman “raven,” & how did it work? 5. What did the Roman consul Regulus do, why did he do it, and what moral lessons/virtue may be learned from Regulus’ character & choices? 6. What is implied to be the cause of the Roman commander Claudius Pulcher’s defeat at the battle of Drepana? 7. What allowed Rome to rebuild its naval fleet? What does this teach about citizenship? 8. Who won the first Punic War, and in what year did it end? 3 Ancient Rome (Zoch) Reading Questions/Topics ~ Western Civ. I (S2-Handout) ~ Allred ​ Ch. 14: The Second Punic War [p.100-116]: 1. Write a chapter outline/summary in the form of a bullet-point list of significant events, battles, and details (in chronological order) about the second Punic War, as described in Ancient Rome chapter 14. ​ ​ Please write at least 3 bullet points per section (10 sections in ch.14), and label each section as you make a complete outline of the Second Punic War: +For example, from the first section of Ch.14 on p.100-101, the following bullet-points outline/summarize the important events … ***Chapter 14 - Section 1: [p.100-101] ● Rome promises protection to the Spanish city of Saguntum, against Carthage - which sets the stage for war after Carthage recovers from 1st Punic War, and extends its power into Spain.