Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2011 Anthropometric Analysis of the Cervical Spine Susan Hueston Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons Repository Citation Hueston, Susan, "Anthropometric Analysis of the Cervical Spine" (2011). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 487. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/487 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering By SUSAN LAURA HUESTON B.S., Wright State University, 2008 2011 Wright State University COPYRIGHT BY SUSAN L. HUESTON 2011 WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL August 9, 2011 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Susan Laura Hueston ENTITLED Anthropometric Analysis of the Cervical Spine BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Masters of Science in Engineering _________________________________________ Taurn Goswami, DSc Thesis Director _________________________________________ Thomas N. Hangartner, PhD, Chair Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering Committee on Final Examination __________________________________ Tarun Goswami, DSc __________________________________ David B. Reynolds, PhD __________________________________ Michael Albert, MD __________________________________ Thomas N. Hangartner, PhD __________________________________ Andrew Hsu, PhD Dean, Graduate School ABSTRACT Hueston, Susan Laura. M.S.Egr, Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, 2011. Anthropometric Analysis of the Cervical Spine. An understanding of the dimensional anatomy of the cervical spine is necessary in order to help diagnose disease, deformity, injury, and device development. Previous investigation has been completed utilizing cadavers, X-rays and other imaging techniques. This research utilized computer tomography images from the trauma registry at Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton, Ohio to complete an anthropometric study of the cervical spine. Linear mathematical models were developed to investigate the relationships present in the dimensional anatomy of the cervical spine. New measurements were completed on subjects of both Caucasian and African American descent and of both genders. An approximation of the moment of inertia for the vertebral body was developed along with a computer program to predict anthropometric features. Statistical analysis on published data revealed 128 of 3000 and 133 of 2760 comparisons were significant. Similar trends were found to the measurement carried out with the CT data for this research. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................... 2 Cadaver Studies ..................................................................................................... 2 Chinese Singaporeans: ........................................................................................ 2 South Africans .................................................................................................... 7 African Americans ............................................................................................ 12 Caucasian: ........................................................................................................ 13 CT/MRI/X-ray Studies: ........................................................................................ 19 METHODS .............................................................................................................. 28 Subjects: .............................................................................................................. 28 Measurements: ..................................................................................................... 28 Statistical Analysis: .............................................................................................. 32 Previous Studies – Race .................................................................................... 32 Measurements: .................................................................................................. 34 Moment of Inertia: ............................................................................................... 35 RESULTS ................................................................................................................ 40 Previous Studies – Race: ...................................................................................... 40 New Measurements: ............................................................................................. 52 Moment of Inertia: ............................................................................................... 61 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 66 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 79 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 81 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Chinese Singaporean Measurements ....................................................... 3 Figure 2: South African Measurements .................................................................. 8 Figure 3: Caucasian Measurements – Panjabi ....................................................... 14 Figure 4: Measurements by X-ray – Liguoro ........................................................ 21 Figure 5: Measurements by X-Ray – Nissan ......................................................... 23 Figure 6: CT measurement, Axial – Rao .............................................................. 25 Figure 7: CT Measurement, Sagittal – Rao ........................................................... 25 Figure 8: CT Measurement, Sagittal2 – Rao ......................................................... 26 Figure 9: Program utilized to view CT’s and complete measurements ................. 29 Figure 10: Coronal Measurements ........................................................................ 30 Figure 11: Sagittal Measurements ........................................................................ 31 Figure 12: Axial Measurements ............................................................................ 32 Figure 13: Vertebral body representation ............................................................. 35 Figure 14: Elliptical Plate ..................................................................................... 36 Figure 15: Elliptical Cone .................................................................................... 37 Figure 16: MOI predicted and measured for the C3 vertebra ................................ 63 Figure 17: MOI predicted and measured for the C4 vertebra ................................ 63 Figure 18: MOI predicted and measured for the C5 vertebra ................................ 64 Figure 19: MOI predicted and measured for the C6 vertebra ................................ 64 Figure 20: MOI predicted and measured for the C7 vertebra ................................ 65 Figure 21: Flow chart of how step II works. ......................................................... 78 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Chinese Singaporeans Measurement ......................................................... 7 Table 2: South African C7 measurements............................................................. 11 Table 3: African American Spinal Canal Measurements ...................................... 13 Table 4: Caucasian Measurements - Panjabi………………………………………16 Table 5: Caucasian Measurements – Francis ........................................................ 17 Table 5: Caucasian Measurements – Francis part 2 .............................................. 18 Table 5: Caucasian Measurements – Francis part 3 .............................................. 19 Table 6: X-Ray Measurements – Liguoro ............................................................. 22 Table 7: X-Ray Measurements - Nissan ............................................................... 24 Table 8: CT Measurement – Rao .......................................................................... 27 Table 9: Chinese Singaporean Correlations part 1 ................................................ 41 Table 9: Chinese Singaporean Correlations continued part 2 ................................ 42 Table 9: Chinese Singaporean Correlations continued part 3 ................................ 43 Table 9: Chinese Singaporean Correlations continued part 4 ................................ 44 Table 9: Chinese Singaporean Correlations continued part 5 ................................ 45 Table 9: Chinese Singaporean Correlations continued part 6 ................................ 46 Table 10: Caucasian Correlations, Cadaver part 1 ...............................................