GLOBAL REPORT ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT PANTONE P 108-16 C NEW DISPLACEMENT BY CONFLICT AND DISASTERS IN 2018 South Sudan Libya Sudan Syria Iraq Ethiopia Iran Afghanistan India 6,600 | 321,000 70,000 121,000 | 41,000 27,000 | 1,649,000 69,000 | 150,000 296,000 | 2,895,000 74,000 435,000 | 372,000 2,675,000 | 169,000 China 3,762,000 Dem. People's Rep. Korea 69,000 Myanmar 298,000 | 42,000 Japan 146,000 United States 1,247,000 Niger Viet Nam 40,000 | 52,000 143,000 Cuba 52,000 Mali Cambodia 19,000 | 126,000 37,000 Mexico 20,000 | 11,000 Burkina Faso Philippines 5,100 | 42,000 3,802,000 | 188,000 Guatemala 27,000 Benin Yemen Indonesia 23,000 | 3,500 18,000 | 252,000 853,000 | 4,500 El Salvador | 4,700 246,000 Ghana Papua New Guinea 61,000 | 5,000 61,000 | 360 Dominican Republic 27,000 Colombia Nigeria Sri Lanka Malaysia 67,000 | 145,000 613,000 | 541,000 100,000 | 1,100 38,000 Venezuela Cameroon Somalia Bangladesh 32,000 459,000 547,000 | 578,000 78,000 | 300 Brazil Central African Republic Madagascar 86,000 9,300 | 510,000 75,000 | 1,700 Paraguay Dem. Rep. Congo Kenya 30,000 81,000 | 1,840,000 336,000 | 10,000 Rwanda Burundi Tanzania | More than 3 million 47,000 35,000 5,100 29,000 1,000,001 to 3 million 200,001 to 1,000,000 Uganda Mozambique 20,001 to 200,000 164,000 | 9,000 31,000 | 3,800 Less than 20,000 Total The Americas Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia and Pacific 28 m 17,188,000 | 10,779,000 1,687,000 | 404,000 41,000 | 12,000 214,000 | 2,137,000 2,611,000 | 7,446,000 3,303,000 | 544,000 9,332,000 | 236,000 New displacements New displacements (7.5% from the total figure) (0.2%) (8.4%) (36.0%) (13.8%) (34.2%) - disasters - conflict The country names and figures are shown only when the total new displacements value exceeds 20,000. Due to rounding, some totals may not correspond with the sum of the separate figures. The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IDMC. NEW DISPLACEMENT BY CONFLICT AND DISASTERS IN 2018 South Sudan Libya Sudan Syria Iraq Ethiopia Iran Afghanistan India 6,600 | 321,000 70,000 121,000 | 41,000 27,000 | 1,649,000 69,000 | 150,000 296,000 | 2,895,000 74,000 435,000 | 372,000 2,675,000 | 169,000 China 3,762,000 Dem. People's Rep. Korea 69,000 Myanmar 298,000 | 42,000 Japan 146,000 United States 1,247,000 Niger Viet Nam 40,000 | 52,000 143,000 Cuba 52,000 Mali Cambodia 19,000 | 126,000 37,000 Mexico 20,000 | 11,000 Burkina Faso Philippines 5,100 | 42,000 3,802,000 | 188,000 Guatemala 27,000 Benin Yemen Indonesia 23,000 | 3,500 18,000 | 252,000 853,000 | 4,500 El Salvador | 4,700 246,000 Ghana Papua New Guinea 61,000 | 5,000 61,000 | 360 Dominican Republic 27,000 Colombia Nigeria Sri Lanka Malaysia 67,000 | 145,000 613,000 | 541,000 100,000 | 1,100 38,000 Venezuela Cameroon Somalia Bangladesh 32,000 459,000 547,000 | 578,000 78,000 | 300 Brazil Central African Republic Madagascar 86,000 9,300 | 510,000 75,000 | 1,700 Paraguay Dem. Rep. Congo Kenya 30,000 81,000 | 1,840,000 336,000 | 10,000 Rwanda Burundi Tanzania | More than 3 million 47,000 35,000 5,100 29,000 1,000,001 to 3 million 200,001 to 1,000,000 Uganda Mozambique 20,001 to 200,000 164,000 | 9,000 31,000 | 3,800 Less than 20,000 Total The Americas Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia and Pacific 28 m 17,188,000 | 10,779,000 1,687,000 | 404,000 41,000 | 12,000 214,000 | 2,137,000 2,611,000 | 7,446,000 3,303,000 | 544,000 9,332,000 | 236,000 New displacements New displacements (7.5% from the total figure) (0.2%) (8.4%) (36.0%) (13.8%) (34.2%) - disasters - conflict The country names and figures are shown only when the total new displacements value exceeds 20,000. Due to rounding, some totals may not correspond with the sum of the separate figures. The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IDMC. WITH THANKS IDMC’s 2019 Global Report on Internal Displacement has been produced with the generous contribution of the following funding partners: the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the German Federal Foreign Office, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the US Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, the European Commission, the International Organization for Migration, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and Liechtenstein’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. CMYK Cover photo: Displaced woman from the island of Bhola living in ‘Bhola Slum’ in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Many people have had to leave their homes as a result of coastal erosion and other climate impacts in the country’s southern regions. The majority of the displaced now live in the slums of Dhaka. Credit: Mahmud Hossain Opu for IDMC, February 2019 GLOBAL REPORT ON INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT MAY 2019 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS | Foreword iv | Key Findings v | Key Messages vi | Introduction 1 | Part 1: The global displacement landscape 4 ||Internal displacement in 2018: New Displacements 5 New displacement by conflict, violence and disasters 6 ||Regional overviews 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 9 Spotlight - Ethiopia 14 Spotlight - Cameroon 16 Spotlight - Nigeria 18 Middle East and North Africa 20 Spotlight - Syria 24 Spotlight - Libya 26 East Asia and Pacific 28 Spotlight - Japan 30 Spotlight - Philippines 32 South Asia 34 Spotlight - Afghanistan 36 Spotlight - India 38 The Americas 39 Spotlight - United States 42 Spotlight - Colombia 44 Europe and Central Asia 46 ||People living in displacement as a result of conflict and violence 48 Assessing progress toward durable solutions 50 | Part 2: Internal displacement data: from challenge to opportunity 52 ||Why does internal displacement data matter? 53 ||Coordination and collaboration: the internal displacement data ecosystem 54 Who uses internal displacement data and what for? 54 Arriving at better internal displacement data 55 ||Critical data gaps and ways to overcome them 58 Inconsistent methodologies 58 Spotlight - Data triangulation 60 GRID 2019 iii Data disaggregation: who is displaced, where and why? 61 Spotlight - Urban displacement: first steps to paint a global picture 63 Other methods of tracing displacement flows 65 Determining the duration of displacement 68 Assessing the impacts and the severity of displacement 70 Hard-to-detect displacement 72 Accounting for future risk 74 The way forward 75 | Part 3: Urban internal displacement: risk, impacts and solutions 76 Defining “urban” and “displacement” 78 ||Urban displacement in the context of conflict, disasters and development 79 The importance of rural conditions 79 Urban conflict, violence and displacement 79 Spotlight - Medellin and San Salvador: urban displacement and criminal violence 81 Urban disasters and displacement 82 Spotlight - Flood displacement risk: an urban perspective 84 Urban development projects and displacement 86 Spotlight - Nairobi: Development and displacement 88 ||Urban displacement impacts and conditions 89 Spotlight - Displacement profiling in urban areas 90 Employment, housing and basic services: urban governance of displacement 91 Employment and livelihoods 91 Housing, land and property 93 Spotlight - Syria: Reconstruction and challenges around housing, land and property 96 Basic services and resilient infrastructure 98 ||Toward a development approach to urban displacement 101 | Conclusion: From global to local solutions 103 | Glossary 105 | Notes 107 | Table 1: New and total displacement in 2018 118 | Table 2: Largest disaster events triggering displacement per region in 2018 121 | Table 3: Displacement associated with conflict in 2018 123 | Background Papers 144 | Acknowledgements 147 iv FOREWORD Internal displacement is increasingly a protracted and Cities today are faced with ever-increasing risks associ- urban phenomenon Existing rapid urbanisation can be ated with disasters, violence and conflict Cities can also, further accelerated with the arrival of people fleeing however, offer sanctuary to those who have lost their conflict and disasters, which in turn has serious implica- homes and livelihoods and facilitate access to durable tions for municipal authorities and urban communities solutions coping with the rapid influx In fragile settings with weak planning systems and capacities, this leads to The analysis undertaken by the Internal Displacement fast and unplanned urbanisation, further aggravating Monitoring Centre shows that we still have a long inequalities, and generating further risk of displacement way to go Significant data gaps mean that we still and instability do not know how many people are displaced in cities and what the pull and push factors are Limited under- This year’s Global Report on Internal Displacement high- standing of the relationship between urban change and lights the many challenges, but also opportunities, that displacement risk are also thought to result in millions cities face today when dealing with internal displace- of unaccounted forced evictions every year Despite ment It also demonstrates a changing humanitarian existing normative frameworks at the international and landscape where internal displacement poses risks to national levels to manage and reduce urban displace- both current and future crises In cities, considering ment, progress remains slow the additional strain placed on already limited local