EU-China Smart and Green City Cooperation Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China prepared for Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) DG CNECT, EU Commission with China Academy of Telecommunications Research (CATR) June 2014 1 Authors Chinese expert team: EU expert team: Kang Yanrong, Zang Lei, Chen Cai, Ge Jeanette Whyte Yuming, Li Hao, Cui Ying Thomas Hart Acknowledgements This report and the related White Paper on the “Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China” was commissioned by the EU Policy Dialogue Support Facility II (PDSF) and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT). The Chinese expert team was led by Dr Kang Yanrong of the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Research (CATR) at the Ministry for Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). The European expert team was led by Jeanette Whyte of Jenesis Consulting. The authors would like to express their gratitude to all those who supported and facilitated the work on these documents, in particular: The participating cities contributed greatly in providing background information on their smart city projects and gave their time generously in completing the Smart City Assessment Framework. Dr. Qin Hai, Director-General of the Department of ICT Development and Application in MIIT, who gave strong support to the project and provided the preface to this White Paper. Mr. Yu Xiaohui, Chief Engineer of CATR, group leader of the Chinese Technical Expert Group who supervised the work of the Chinese expert team. Dr Shaun Topham who liaised with the European cities and the project and gathered relevant information on smart city projects as input for the analysis. The PDSF II team, led by Mr Chris Brown, who ensured overall co-ordination and gave considerable support throughout. The EU Chamber of Commerce in China (EUCCC) provided a valuable platform for engaging with relevant industry, and provided enthusiastic support through Ms. Wu Lanna. Finally, several Chinese enterprises provided smart city related solutions as input to the report. 2 Contents Study Overview and Summary ............................................................................................ 11 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 12 1.1. Background .............................................................................................................. 12 1.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 13 1.3. Scope of the Report.................................................................................................. 14 2. Smart City Trends and Developments .......................................................................... 16 2.1. Definition of Smart City ............................................................................................. 16 2.2. Global Trends and Developments ............................................................................ 20 2.2.1. Governance .......................................................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Financing .............................................................................................................. 25 2.2.3. Business models ................................................................................................... 29 2.2.4. Smart city services ................................................................................................ 31 2.2.5. Technology ........................................................................................................... 33 2.2.6. Smart City Communities ....................................................................................... 40 2.2.7. Government Policies ............................................................................................. 42 2.3. Developments in China ............................................................................................ 45 2.3.1. Government Ministries and Commissions ............................................................. 45 2.3.2. Smart City Developments ..................................................................................... 46 2.4. Developments in the EU ........................................................................................... 48 3. EU-China Policy Framework ........................................................................................ 49 3.1. Chinese Policy Framework for Smart City Development ........................................... 49 3.1.1. MIIT ...................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.2. NDRC ................................................................................................................... 50 3.1.3. MOHURD ............................................................................................................. 51 3.1.4. National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation ..................... 52 3.2. EU Policy Framework for Smart City Development ................................................... 52 3.2.1. Commission Priorities ........................................................................................... 53 3.2.2. European Innovation Partnership for Smart Cities and Communities .................... 55 3.2.3. Green Digital Charter ............................................................................................ 58 3.2.4. Other Initiatives ..................................................................................................... 59 3.2.5. EU Support for Financing Smart City projects ....................................................... 61 3.2.5.1. PPP and Financial Instruments ......................................................................... 61 3.2.5.2. EU Funds for Smart City Development .............................................................. 64 3.2.5.3. The Role of the European Investment Bank ...................................................... 68 3 3.2.5.4. Combining resources......................................................................................... 70 4. Assessment Framework for Pilot Cities ........................................................................ 71 4.1. Pilot Cities ................................................................................................................ 71 4.1.1. China Pilot Cities .................................................................................................. 71 4.1.2. EU Pilot Cities ....................................................................................................... 73 4.2. Assessment Framework ........................................................................................... 74 5. Synopsis of EU-China Pilot Smart Cities ...................................................................... 79 5.1. China Pilot Smart Cities ............................................................................................ 79 5.1.1. Beijing Haidian District .......................................................................................... 79 5.1.2. Tianjin Binhai New Area ........................................................................................ 82 5.1.3. Shanghai Pudong New Area ................................................................................. 85 5.1.4. Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province .............................................................................. 88 5.1.5. Nantong of Jiangsu Province ................................................................................ 91 5.1.6. Huai’an of Jiangsu Province .................................................................................. 93 5.1.7. Ningbo of Zhejiang Province ................................................................................. 95 5.1.8. Jiaxing of Zhejiang Province ................................................................................. 98 5.1.9. Zhangzhou of Fujian Province ............................................................................ 100 5.1.10. Yantai of Shandong Province .......................................................................... 103 5.1.11. Guangzhou Nansha District of Guangdong province ....................................... 106 5.1.12. Authority of Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone of Shenzhen, Guangdong province .......................................................................... 109 5.1.13. Zhuhai Hengqin New Area of Guangdong province ......................................... 112 5.1.14. Chengdu of Sichuan Province ......................................................................... 115 5.1.15. Korla of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ................................................... 118 5.2. EU Pilot Smart Cities .............................................................................................. 122 5.2.1. Amsterdam, Netherlands .................................................................................... 122 5.2.2. Barcelona, Spain ................................................................................................ 124 5.2.3. Bristol, UK ........................................................................................................... 127 5.2.4. Copenhagen, Denmark ......................................................................................