BTN: Episode 12 Transcript 15/5/18 Hey, Amelia here, welcome to BTN. Coming up today. • We hear about how kids in Hawaii are coping with a massive volcanic eruption. • Find out more about Australia's future in space. • And we investigate the mysterious and fascinating journey of toilet water. Iran Nuclear Deal Reporter: Ruby Cornish INTRO: Last week the US President, Donald Trump made international headlines by pulling out of a deal. It was an agreement between Iran and a bunch of other countries and it was drawn up to try to stop Iran making nuclear weapons. But President Trump was not a fan. Let's find out more about the deal and why the president said no deal. Back before he was President of the United States, Donald Trump was famous for a different reason. He was a businessman, and he spoke a lot about making deals. He even wrote an entire book about it, fittingly called The Art of the Deal. But there's one deal Donald Trump's definitely not a fan of, and that's the Iran Nuclear Deal. So, what's the big deal about this big deal anyway? To understand that, we need to travel back a few years and over to Iran, which is right over here in the Middle East. In 2015 Iran had spent a decade living under strict sanctions. Sanctions are rules and restrictions, and in this case, they were set by an international organisation called the United Nations. The sanctions restricted Iran's trade with other countries and excluded it from cultural events. For example, Iran wasn't allowed to host international sports tournaments. So why were these sanctions in place? Well, many countries were worried that Iran was building nuclear weapons. And they had good reason for those worries. Iran had a bunch of active nuclear plants and it'd been processing a lot of uranium, which is one of the key ingredients in nuclear weapons. Iran denied the accusations and said the uranium was only being used for peaceful purposes. But even with the sanctions in place, the nuclear program wasn't showing any signs of slowing down. So, in 2015 a deal was struck. Six of the world's most powerful countries agreed to start trading with Iran again, which was great news for Iranians. IRANIAN WOMAN: After all these years, every Iranian would be happy. They went through a lot. In exchange, Iran promised to slow down its nuclear activities and said it wouldn't build a bomb for at least 10 years. There were plenty of people who were unhappy with that deal. ©ABC 2018 Some of Iran's neighbours thought Iran should have been forced to stop its nuclear program altogether. And some Americans agreed, including this guy. Last week he officially announced that the US was withdrawing from the Iran Nuclear Deal and that tough sanctions were being brought back. That decision has some world leaders worried that if the deal falls through, Iran could ramp up its nuclear activities again. Plus, lots of people say it doesn't look good for the US to break its promises. But others say no deal is a much better deal. DONALD TRUMP: So, we're gonna make a good deal for the world or we're not making a deal at all. This Week in News People in Hobart are cleaning up after some seriously wild weather last week. There was a big storm which brought a lot of rain. In fact, Tassie's capital got 100mm which was a record for May. It turned streets into rivers which washed away cars. Homes and businesses had to be evacuated and lots of school kids like Amelia and Elliott had to stay at home for the day. ELLIOTT: It was very rainy and there was a lot of thunder and lightning and very, very windy. AMELIA: I got really scared at one point because my mum and I were driving home and we almost got pushed over by the wind. Luckily, no one was hurt but the damage bill for Hobart is expected to be many millions of dollars. Meanwhile, in Brisbane some kids are seriously unimpressed after having their handball court dug up only a few months after it was put in. The big concrete area was supposed to be for a table tennis table, but it became a really popular handball spot instead. It was ripped up after some neighbours complained about the noise and these guys weren't happy about it. KID: We wanna play handball, why's our handball court gone? KID: I was really disappointed because I liked to play here. KID: If you’re going to live next to a playground you should probably anticipate there's going to be kids playing. The council says it'll build another court nearby instead. And Eurovision has wrapped up for another year. It's the world's biggest song contest and while Australia's not technically in Europe, we've been allowed to compete since 2015. ©ABC 2018 And this year Jessica Mauboy represented with this catchy tune. It was enough to get Jess into the grand final, but not the top ten. In the end Netta from Israel took out the top prize. She said the song was a celebration of the power of women and the chicken noises were pretty cool too. Hawaii Volcano Reporter: Jack Evans INTRO: Over the past couple of weeks you might have seen some pretty amazing pictures from the island of Hawaii. A volcano named Kilauea has been erupting there, spewing out rivers of lava which have destroyed homes and cars. It's pretty scary stuff from a distance, so imagine what it's like for the people who live there. This week we caught up with some Hawaiian locals and found out more about their fiery mountain. For the past couple of weeks this river of red hot rock has been causing chaos in the streets of Hawaii. The lava doesn't move quickly but nothing can stop it and as you can see from this video it destroys everything in its path. The lava is coming from Kilauea, a volcano on Hawaii's Big Island. Which is home to these guys. FIONA: Aloha BTN I'm Fiona. SEBASTIAN: Aloha BTN my name is Sebastian. FIONA: I go to the volcano school of arts and sciences. It's like a 4-minute car slash bike ride to the national park also to the crater. FIONA: Right now, the lava is causing people to evacuate and causing homes to be damaged and pets to possibly be killed or they are running away which is not fun. SEBASTIAN: It's a slow-moving flow but it is very hot, like about 2000 degrees and it just burns everything in its path. But since its slow-moving people have time to evacuate which definitely helps. Kilauea is one of the world’s most active volcanoes, in fact it's part of the reason Hawaii exists. It's what's known as a hotspot volcano. They form over a place where molten rock or magma has built up under the earth’s crust. When enough pressure builds up the magma comes out as a volcano. When it hits the water, it cools down and solidifies forming new islands. While the hotspot always stays in the same place the tectonic plates, which make up the earth’s crust, are constantly moving, slowly dragging the new islands away from the hotspot. Which is why Hawaii's chain of islands looks like this. Kilauea has been erupting almost continuously since 1983. But this is the worst it's been in a long time. And there are worries as the lava drains out of the volcano it could actually get more dangerous. Because the molten rock will heat up the ground water and create steam which could cause the mountain to explode. SEBASTIAN: If we know if the steam is coming and ash we are ready to evacuate. Sebastian and Fiona say it’s a scary time for Hawaii locals and they're really sad for their neighbours who have lost their homes. But it’s also been amazing to see just how powerful nature can be. ©ABC 2018 SEBASTIAN: I was actually filming some footage of the ash cloud and yes, I was very scared but excited too, cause cool, you don't see that every day. Quiz What's the name of the molten rock found below or within the earth's crust? Is it Magma Igneous Rock or Lava? It's Magma. When magma reaches the surface, we call it lava and when it cools it becomes igneous rock. Aussie Space Agency Reporter: Amelia Moseley INTRO: It's a pretty exciting time for Aussie space enthusiasts. The government just launched the Australian Space Agency. It’s the first time we've ever had a national organisation in charge of space research and exploration and many are hoping it'll mean more opportunities for people like you to take giant leaps in the future. For decades, exciting feats up here have captivated people down there. NEIL ARMSTRONG, MOON LANDING 1969: One small step for man. One giant leap for mankind. And from early on, Australia's played a really big role in space exploration. In fact, those famous words were first received by radio tracking stations in New South Wales and the ACT and since then we've been involved in heaps of other missions as well as important satellite monitoring.