The Study on Sabo and Flood Control for Western River Basins of Mount Pinatubo in the Republic of the Philippines Final Report Supporting Report APPENDIX-XI Environmental Assessment THE STUDY ON SABO AND FLOOD CONTROL FOR WESTERN RIVER BASINS OF MOUNT PINATUBO IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES FINAL REPORT SUPPORTING REPORT APPENDIX XI ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Table of Contents Page CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................... XI-1 1.1 Brief Description of the Proposed Project....................................................... XI-1 1.2 Brief Description of Methodology of the EIA................................................. XI-1 1.3 Brief Description of Baseline Environmental Conditions ............................... XI-1 1.3.1 Topography, Geology, and Hydrogeology ......................................... XI-1 1.3.2 Meteorology....................................................................................... XI-1 1.3.3 Air Quality & Noise Level................................................................. XI-2 1.3.4 Water Quality..................................................................................... XI-2 1.3.5 Sediment and Soil Quality ................................................................. XI-2 1.3.6 Land Use and Aesthetics.................................................................... XI-2 1.3.7 Terrestrial Ecology............................................................................. XI-2 1.3.8 Aquatic Ecology ................................................................................ XI-2 1.3.9 Socio-Economic................................................................................. XI-2 1.4 Matrix of Issues and Impacts Identified through the Environmental Screening ......................................................................................................... XI-2 1.5 Summary Matrix of Major Impacts, and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures.......................................................................................................... XI-3 1.6 Summary Matrix of Environmental Management Plan................................... XI-3 1.7 Summary Matrix of Environmental Monitoring Plan...................................... XI-3 1.8 Scoping Report ................................................................................................ XI-3 1.9 Process Documentation Summary................................................................... XI-3 1.10 Summary of Proof of Social Acceptability ...................................................... XI-4 1.10.1 Initial Public Consultation Meeting................................................... XI-4 1.10.2 Consultation Workshop and Household/Perception Surveys ............ XI-4 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION....................................................................... XI-5 2.1 Basic Project Information................................................................................ XI-5 2.2 Project Locations ............................................................................................. XI-6 2.3 Project Description .......................................................................................... XI-6 i 2.4 Description of Project Phases.......................................................................... XI-7 2.4.1 Pre-Construction/Construction Phase................................................ XI-7 2.4.2 Operational Phase .............................................................................. XI-7 2.4.3 Abandonment Phase .......................................................................... XI-7 CHAPTER 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................. XI-8 3.1 Physical Environment ...................................................................................... XI-8 3.1.1 Location and Physiographic Setting .................................................. XI-8 3.1.2 Topography and Drainage.................................................................. XI-8 3.1.3 Mount Pinatubo Drainages ................................................................ XI-8 3.1.4 Geology and Geomorphology.......................................................... XI-10 3.1.5 Meteorology..................................................................................... XI-15 3.1.6 Air Quality ....................................................................................... XI-16 3.1.7 Noise Environment .......................................................................... XI-17 3.1.8 Hydrology ........................................................................................ XI-17 3.1.9 Land Use .......................................................................................... XI-18 3.1.10 Surface Water Quality...................................................................... XI-18 3.1.11 Marine Water Quality ...................................................................... XI-21 3.1.12 Sediments and Lahar Deposits......................................................... XI-23 3.1.13 Contamination Analysis of Heavy Metals on Marine Fishes .......... XI-23 3.2 Biological Environment................................................................................. XI-24 3.2.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna .............................................................. XI-24 3.2.2 Freshwater Flora and Fauna............................................................. XI-27 3.2.3 Marine Flora and Fauna................................................................... XI-29 3.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment .................................................. XI-31 3.3.1 Land Area and Population Density by Town ................................... XI-31 3.3.2 Population Growth Rate................................................................... XI-32 3.3.3 Population, Sex Composition, Number of Households and Sources of Livelihood by Barangay................................................. XI-32 3.3.4 Relocation Site................................................................................. XI-33 3.3.5 Vulnerable Group............................................................................. XI-33 3.3.6 Socio-Economic and Perception Survey of Directly Affected People............................................................................................... XI-35 CHAPTER 4 FUTURE ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS WITHOUT AND WITH THE PROJECT ........................................................................... XI-38 4.1 Future Environment Conditions without the Project..................................... XI-38 4.1.1 Physical............................................................................................ XI-38 4.1.2 Biological......................................................................................... XI-38 ii 4.1.3 Socio-Economic............................................................................... XI-39 4.2 Future Environment Conditions with the Project .......................................... XI-40 4.2.1 Physical............................................................................................ XI-40 4.2.2 Biological......................................................................................... XI-40 4.2.3 Socio-Economic............................................................................... XI-40 CHAPTER 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ..................................... XI-41 5.1 Impact Zones.................................................................................................. XI-41 5.2 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment .................................................. XI-41 5.2.1 Geology, Topography and Soils....................................................... XI-41 5.2.2 Climate and Air Quality................................................................... XI-42 5.2.3 Hydrology and Water Quality.......................................................... XI-42 5.2.4 Noise ................................................................................................ XI-43 5.3 Potential Impacts on Biological/Ecological Environment............................. XI-43 5.3.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna .............................................................. XI-43 5.3.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna.................................................................. XI-44 5.4 Socio-Economic............................................................................................. XI-44 5.4.1 Population........................................................................................ XI-44 5.4.2 Labor and Employment ................................................................... XI-45 5.4.3 Housing and Social Services............................................................ XI-45 5.4.4 Infrastructure and Public Utilities.................................................... XI-45 5.4.5 Health and Education....................................................................... XI-45 5.4.6 Culture and Lifestyle ....................................................................... XI-45 5.4.7 Livelihood and Income .................................................................... XI-46 5.4.8 Archeological/Anthropological/Historical Sites.............................. XI-46 5.4.9 Resettlement Issues.......................................................................... XI-46 5.5 Proposed Mitigation and Enhancement Measures........................................