REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION IN BIHAR FOR THE YEAR 1938-39 REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION IN BIHAR FOR THE YEAR 1938-39. CHAPTER I.— tntroductory. The area covered by the report is 69,348 square miles, the same as laist year. The figures for the population are still taken from the census oif 1931. According to all accounts, the population has increased during tlhe interval. 2. The following tables compare the main statistics for the year l'.938-39 with those for the past year: — J. — General Summary of Educational Institutions and Scholars, 1938-39. Percentage of male scholars to male population, female scholars to feinale population and total number of scholars to total population. Axrea in sqtiare miles—69,348 In recognized In oil irstitutions. institutions. 1938 1939. 1938. 1939. POPULATION. MB.les ... 16,241.887 Male scholars ... 5 46 5-73 5-84 6-18 Feimales ... 16,126,547 Female scholars •73 •80 •78 •87 Total ... 32,371,434 Total 3'10 3-28 3-32 3-61 1 Institutions, Scholars. i ]Increase Recognized or Increase institationa. (ifcrease or Hemarka. 1938. 1939. com* 1938. 1939 decrease {jarcd compared with with last laet year. year. 1 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 University 1 1 ... FOR MALES. Arts collegt'B* 9 \1 4,120 4,461 iS^l (a) 1,434 (b) 3,027 Piofissional colleges 5 5 954 t990 + 36 High sch lols 210 227 + 17 62,C7: C7.4-72 + 5,401 M 57,1:11 (d) ]0,34l Middle schools 789 850 + 61 106,0‘^2 1U.962 + 8,940 c) 5:i,288 (d) 61,674 Primary schools ... 18,784 19,135 + 351 742,<C7 776.233 + 31,746 (c) 1,051 (d 775,182 Special schools 466 484 + 18 19,487 21,107 + 1,C20 Total 20,263 20,712 4-449 935,141 985,225 + 50,084 FOR FEMALE?. Arts colleges ... Prof-ssicnal col’igeB ... ... ... High Echools 13 14 + 1 3,055 3,.^08 + 453 (c) 1,527 id) 1,^81 Middle Bc! ools ?8 49 + 11 6.324 8,168 + 1,844 (c) 2,100 id) 6,068 Piimary schools .. 2,019 2,077 + 58 59,777 63,52i + 8,745 (cl 55 (<0 63,46’.7 Special schools 19 20 + 1 708 822 + 114 Total 2,089 2,160 + 71 69,864 76,020 + 6,156 UNRECOGNIZED SCHOOLS, For males 2,113 2,154 + 41 65,396 69,115 + 3,719 For females 215 297 + 82 5,330 7,260 + 1,950 1 Total 2,328 2,451 + 123 70,726 76,395 + 5,669 Grar d Total ... 24, CSC ! 25,323 + 643 ■ 1,075,731 1,137,640 + 61,909 • ItKil-ades figures for the Sciecce collcgo. _ M t Besides these 36 post-graduate students of Arts and Science colleges wero roadimg S' in thv’ la w Colli'ge. fa) In graduate and poat-gradnate classes. (b) In intermediate classes. (c) In tbe secondary stape- (d) In the primary stage II.— General summary of expenditure on education during 193B-39 Perccntaae of exoenditure in Total expenditure. 19S8-39. Increase or decrease Gorern- 1937-38. 1938-39, Local Fcf B. Other compared mont funds. sources. with last funds. year. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ea. B b. E b. Diircotionand inepeotiou 8,89>ia8 S,5.7,2'J4 —31,854 98'52 •17 ... 1'31 UniiyerBity... ... 3,05,525 2,87,811 -17,714 7-44 92 56 B oar! of Secondary 4,009 4,286 + 277 100- aand Intermediate Slduoation, Miiscellansous 24,44,606 21,45,439 -2/-9.167 32'52 21-83 14-35 28 30 To:al 36,43,263 32,94,810 —3,48,458 47-59 j 16-21 17 43 18 77 mSTITFTIONS FOE MALES. Artss colleges 10,77,404 11,12,07;) + 34,675 62 75 ... 33-35 3-90 Proifessionxl colleges ... 5,14,928 5,17,067 + 2.139 77-01 20-47 1-92 Hig'h scUoola 25,17,964 26,31,715 + 1,16,751 23-66 66*51 9-83 Midldle Bctools 17,66,405 18,88,451 + 1,£2,046 3-05 39-01 45-85 12-09 Prianary Bchools 41^,34,840 44.52,777 + 17,937 •25 73-35 13-49 12-88 Specoial scboola 13,90,576 14,17,543 + 26,967 59-49 •36 3-78 26-37 Totil 1,17,02,117 1,20.22,6X2 ! + 3 20,515 21 82 33^34 31-18 13-55 1 INSTITUTIONS FOR I FEMALES. Arts colleges ... ... ... ... Proffiessioiia^ colleges ... ... Higb school! 2,41,4S1 2,6.S,660 r2T,179 45-73 ... 33-13 21-U Middllo eoho)ls 1,70,408 1,94,599 + 21,191 3081 15 59 9-79 43-81 Prlmfaty bcIidoIs 4,57,910 4,42,910 - 1 5 ,COO 7-98 68'36 7-29 16 37 Speciial Bcho;)ls 78,592 93,101 + 14,509 74-38 •21 i-42 23-99 Total 3,48,391 9,99,270 + 50,879 28-77 ! S3 35 14-18 23-70 Gramd Xotil 1,62,93,776 1,63,16,712 + 22,9:3 27-53 29-88 2733 15-23 I I ’— General summary of expenditure on education during 1938-39 — concld. Cost per scholar. QoT6rnment fnndg. Local funds. i ’ees. Ot^her Bonrces. Totsal. I 1 9 10 11 12 1,3 Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p. Es, a. p. E s. a. p. Direction and inspection UniverBity , Board of Sfcondary and Intermediate Education. Miscellaneous Total ... .... INSTITUTIONS FOE MALES. Arts colleges 154 14 4 82 5 2 9 10 2 246 13 8 ProfcBsioual colleges ... 396 2 6 104 7 6 9 12 11 510 6 11 High schools 9 15 9 28 1 3 4 2 6 42 3 5 Middle schools 0 8 8 6 15 2 8 2 3 2 2 6 17 13 0 Primary echools 0 0 3 4 10 11 0 13 8 0 13 2 6 6 1 Special schools 43 12 11 0 4 4 2 12 6 26 12 5 73 10 2 Total 2 15 4 4 7 11 4 3 4 1 13 3 13; 7 10 INSTITD-TIONS FOR FEMALES, Arts colleges >•• Professional colleges ... ... ... Higli schools 36 11 6 26 9 8 16 15 6 80 4 » Middle schoois 8 4 10 4 3 3 2 10 2 11 12 11 26 15 2 Primary schools 0 9 10 5 4 6 0 9 0 1 4 3 7 11 7 S pecial schools 91 1 11 0 4 2 1 11 9 29 6 2 12:2 8 0 Total 4 3 0 4 13 8 2 1 0 3 7 2 14 8 10 Grand Total 4 10 11 5 1 3 4 10 5 2 9 5 17 0 0 •;ijT percontages ot expenditure from Govornment funds in respect of middle and primary schoola, the Govornment grants of Ra. 1,51,286 and Re. 28,47,586 respectively to local bodies have been ignored. *' Grand Total ” include the expenditure ehown againat the firet s. The increase in the number of educational institutions of all kinds by 643 accompanied by a rise of 61,909 pupils is satisfactory, although the proportionate increase in the latter has not been so marked as im the preyious year. Taking all kinds of iostitutions into account, t^e average unit of population per institution works out at 45 against 44 in tlhe last year. This, seems to be a very small figure so far as number off pupils per institution is concerned and does not detract from the force off tlhe argument that the need for progress in the quality of schools is ever so much greater than in their number. It is noticeable that smbatantial progress has been achieved in all branches of education, and particularly in the education of girl.3, Muslims, the scheduled castes, and aborigines. The direct expenditure during the year rose by about 3| la^hiS, this sum being spread over all types of colleges and schools except primary schools for girls. Reduced expenditure from non-Government funds and loaa of income itom and private sources account for the fall of expenditure under this head. Indirect expenditure has fallen by about 3^ lakhs. Almost all heads under it record a fall, gradual' elimination of earthquake expenditure for buildings aocounting for the faHl under the head “ Miscellaneous ” though all other heads included,; in_it record a rise. 4. I attach to the report three appendices, one showing the percentage of Indian children at school to the total Indian population in ceach district separately, one giving details of madrasns, primary Urdu .'sclhools, tois and primary Sanskrit schools, and one giving statistics for ]pri.mary and middle school centres on a linguistic basis and showing the mumber of Hindus, Muslims, Christians and animicts. A summary of tthe last one is given below — — Middle. Upper primary. liower prlmKj. Parse Hindi echi.ola 523 2,7 6 13;6W M ined Hindi schools ... • •• •«« 617 566 298 Hlinidi sect ions in— (l)i Urdu schools 42 58 87 (2)) Beogali schools 27 19 23 (3) .Saatali echoola ... ... Total ... 1,209 3,349 lfl,793 Pvuro) Urdu echools 18 175 2,594 Miixffii Urdu schools .t. 43 61 109 Uirdiu sections in— P ) Hindi schools... *** ••• 627 476 ’ 243' ((2) BengiiU echools ••• ••• 24 30 39; Total 612 741 3,990 — Middle. Upper primary. Lower pri mary. 1 Pure Bengali schools ..