Heritage Impact Assessment on Chai Wan Factory Estate at No. 2 Kut Shing Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong April 2013 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON CHAI WAN FACTORY ESTATE April 2013 Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the permission given by the following organizations and person for the use of their records, maps and photos in the report: . Antiquities and Monuments Office . Architectural Services Department . Hong Kong Housing Authority . Information Services Department . Public Records Office . Survey & Mapping Office, Lands Department i Research Team Team Members Position Prof. HO Puay-peng Team leader MA (Hons), DipArch (Edin.), PhD (London), RIBA Director, CAHR, CUHK Professor, Department of Architecture, CUHK Honorary Professor, Department of Fine Art, CUHK Mr. LO Ka Yu, Henry Project Manager BSSc (AS), MArch, MPhil (Arch), HKICON Associate Director, CAHR, CUHK Ms. HO Sum Yee, May Conservation Architect BSSc (AS), MArch, PDip (Cultural Heritage Management), MSc (Conservation), Registered Architect, HKIA, HKICON Conservation Architect, CAHR, CUHK Ms. NG Wan Yee, Wendy Research Officer BA (AS), MSc (Conservation of the Historic Environment), HKICON Research Project Officer, CAHR, CUHK Ms. LAM Sze Man, Heidi Researcher BA (History) Research Assistant, CAHR, CUHK Ms. YUEN Ming Shan, Connie Researcher MA (Edin.), MPhil (Cantab) Research Assistant, CAHR, CUHK ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Heritage Impact Assessment on Chai Wan Factory Estate ......................................................................... i Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................ i Research Team ................................................................................................................................................ ii Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ v Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Site particulars ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Part 1 – baseline study .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Part II – heritage impact assessment ................................................................................................ 3 1.3.3 Development proves of the Heritage Impact Assessment ................................................................ 4 Site and context ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Historic place ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Early Settlement of Chai Wan ......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Chai Wan in the Colonial era .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Development and urbanization of Chai Wan since 1952 ............................................................... 14 2.1.4 The context of Chai Wan Factory Estate ....................................................................................... 24 2.1.5 Chai Wan as a new community .................................................................................................... 28 2.1.6 Graded Historic buildings in the context ........................................................................................ 37 2.1.7 Aerial photos ................................................................................................................................ 39 Building ........................................................................................................................................... 51 3.1 Architectural evolution ........................................................................................................................ 51 3.1.1 Chai Wan Factory Estate (1959 – 2012) ....................................................................................... 51 3.2 Architectural description ..................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.1 Site Setting ................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.2 Architectural Layout ..................................................................................................................... 55 3.2.3 Architectural Typology – Types of public housing (1954-1975) ...................................................... 66 3.2.4 Architectural Style – modern style ................................................................................................. 73 3.3 Other examples of Factory Estates in Hong Kong ................................................................................ 76 3.3.1 Cheung Sha Wan Factory Estate 長沙灣工廠大廈 (demolished) ................................................ 76 3.3.2 Jordan Valley Factory Estate 佐敦谷工廠大廈 (demolished) ....................................................... 77 3.3.3 Tai Wo Hau Factory Estate 大窩口工廠大廈 (demolished)........................................................ 77 3.3.4 San Po Kong Factory Estate 新蒲崗工廠大廈 (demolished) ....................................................... 78 3.3.5 Kwun Tong Factory Estate 觀塘工廠大廈 (demolished) ............................................................ 79 3.3.6 Yuen Long Factory Estate 元朗工廠大廈 (demolished) .............................................................. 79 3.3.7 Kwai Chung Factory Estate 葵涌工廠大廈 (demolished) ............................................................ 79 3.3.8 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 79 Statement of Significance .................................................................................................................. 80 4.1 Historic place ..................................................................................................................................... 80 4.2 Heritage values .................................................................................................................................. 80 4.3 Character Defining Elements .............................................................................................................. 81 4.3.1 Selection criteria ........................................................................................................................... 81 4.3.2 Level of significance ...................................................................................................................... 81 4.4 List of Character Defining Elements .................................................................................................... 82 4.4.1 Setting and context ....................................................................................................................... 82 iii 4.4.2 Exterior ........................................................................................................................................ 82 4.4.3 Interior ......................................................................................................................................... 83 Conservation Principles ................................................................................................................... 85 5.1 Conservation Standard and Internal charters ....................................................................................... 85 5.1.1 Defining of terms .......................................................................................................................... 85 5.2 Applying the Burra Charter and International Conservation process ..................................................... 87 Burra Charter ........................................................................................................................................... 87 Concept of Change ................................................................................................................................... 88 5.2.1 Conserve Heritage Value .............................................................................................................. 88 5.2.2 Authenticity .................................................................................................................................. 88 5.2.3 Minimum Intervention .................................................................................................................. 88 5.2.4 Reversibility .................................................................................................................................