DST-NRF CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR INVASION BIOLOGY ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Published by: DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology Faculty of Science • Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 • Matieland 7602 • South Africa Room 2039 • 2nd Floor • Natural Sciences Bdg. • Main Campus http://www.sun.ac.za/cib March 2016 Contact: Sarah Davies • tel: +27 21 808 3922 • [email protected] Executive summary Reporting period : 1 January 2015 ‐ 31 December 2015 Name of Director : Prof. David M. Richardson Name of CoE : DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology Abbreviated CoE Name : Centre for Invasion Biology Host institution : Stellenbosch University Progress against our five Key Performance Areas (KPAs) Research The C∙I∙B’s research addressed a wide range of disciplines, scientific approaches, issues, spatial and temporal scales, and taxa during 2015, resulting in the most productive year in our history in terms of publications. We published 178 peer‐reviewed papers in 113 journals (107 ISI‐accredited and 7 non‐ ISI), including contributions in the high‐impact journals Nature, Nature Communications, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, and Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Another four contributions appeared in edited books. Our publications for 2015 covered many of the most pressing issues in invasion ecology internationally and in a South African context, and the full spectrum of focus areas identified in the C∙I∙B’s strategic plan for 2014‐2019. Our research addresses fundamental issues related to the biology of invasive species, aspects of invaded ecosystems, invasion processes, and many facets of the human dimensions of invasions. The report that follows provides an idea of the research outputs for 2015. Further details of these and other publications produced during 2015 are available on the C∙I∙B website. Education and Training In 2015, the C∙I∙B supported 68 students and 16 post‐doctoral associates. For the first time we had seven South African post‐doctoral associates (44% of the total), the majority of whom were graduates of the C∙I∙B programmes, reflecting the success of the CoE at ‘growing its own timber’. Altogether, the C∙I∙B hosted 21 foreign students and post‐doctoral associates from African countries Madagascar, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe, and from Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain the UK and the USA. Graduations in 2015 included seven honours/4th year (four black, three white), 12 Masters (seven black, five white) and 7 PhDs (three black, four white). Among the 86 students and post‐doctoral associates, 31 students and eight post‐doctoral associates were fully supported (bursary and project running costs), while 18 students and one post‐doctoral associate received partial support (in the form of a partial or full bursary, running costs only, or ‘in kind’ support, e.g. supervision by a core team member). Independent funding was sourced by 19 students and eight post‐doctoral associates, from other funding institutions, private foundations, and other (non‐CoE) NRF instruments. However, raising additional funds for student and post‐doctoral support remains a challenge and a high priority for the Centre’s management team (see Red Flags). Networking In 2015 the C∙I∙B continued and developed its interactions with its national and international partner organisations. Crucial funding partnerships with SANBI and the Natural Resources Management Programme of Dept. Environmental Affairs were backed by successful production of joint workshops, peer‐reviewed publications and student graduations. The C∙I∙B fellowship programme went from strength to strength, with the appointment of four Visiting Fellows and one Fulbright Fellow – one each from Australia, Brazil, Canada and the USA. A local highlight was the interaction with the University of Cape Town’s MPhil course in Environmental Humanities, which has already resulted in one co‐supervised student and several joint publications, and promises to improve our impact on the social sciences in future. Information Brokerage C∙I∙B team members hosted several important workshops, including two international workshops on Functional responses as a tool in invasion ecology and Evolutionary dynamics of tree invasions: drivers, dimensions, and implications for management, as well as a national workshop on Conservation in the Cape Floristic Region. All these will lead to several collaborative publications and joint student supervisions with other institutes. In addition, the C∙I∙B co‐funded the 6th International Symposium‐ Workshop on Frugivores & Seed Dispersal in KwaZulu‐Natal. The Iimbovane outreach programme deepened its involvement in the target schools in the Western Cape, and in monitoring the outcomes of its interactions with learners. In this regards we saw several ‘alumni’ of the programme embark on undergraduate degrees in the life sciences. Generally, the C∙I∙B’s activities resulted in a host of media interactions, from print media to radio and television. Our presence in social media expanded with very active website, Facebook and Twitter pages. Service Provision Many of the Centre’s members provide inputs to policy and management guidelines on a regular basis. Several core team members work closely with initiatives of the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), and in particular their Natural Resource Management Programmes. Our collaboration with SANBI ensures inputs at all levels to SANBI’s Invasive Species Programme. Dr Sabrina Kumschick works closely with DEA and SANBI to develop best‐practice methods of risk assessment for invasive species. C∙I∙B‐affiliated researchers hold prominent positions as Editors‐in‐Chief, Editors, Associate Editors, and serve on Editorial Advisory Boards of many top journals. C∙I∙B Director Dave Richardson stepped down at the end of 2015 as Editor‐in‐Chief of the journal Diversity and Distributions after 19 years at the helm of that publication. Our team members acted as editors of several important journal special issues during 2015. The expertise of our core team members is often sought to evaluate funding applications and staff appointments from many parts of the world. What was the gender impact of the C∙I∙B’s work? Invasive species heavily affect women, who bear the most responsibility for agriculture, water provision and household management. Public engagement and application of invasion science is crucial to bring research results into policy and practice, and this forms the focus of greater effort in the current phase of the Centre’s development. In terms of the other KPAs, women represent 31% of the core team (8 out of 26), but are much better represented among the C∙I∙B staff (83%; 15 out of 18), post‐doctoral associates (56%; 9 out of 16) and students (52%; 36 out of 68). The Iimbovane project is staffed entirely by women, providing a powerful role model and informal career path guidance for aspiring scientists. Iimbovane is increasingly being drawn into hosting learners who wish to do vacation work in the Iimbovane labs, and interestingly, it is almost invariably young women who volunteer in this way. Red Flags The C∙I∙B has another four years of assured funding from the Department of Science and Technology, through the NRF. Although we generate substantial funds to support our operating costs from outside sources, core funding from DST is crucial for maintaining the infrastructure of the C∙I∙B and supporting the current model which is providing excellent service to our network of team members in higher education institutions and partner organizations. In 2015, discussions were held with several partner organizations about options for restructuring the C∙I∙B. This is an issue that will need to receive increasing attention in the near future to allay the concerns of staff regarding job security and to prevent the C∙I∙B from losing momentum. Currently we are arguably the world’s most productive research and training unit in the field of invasion science. General Comments 2015 was a very successful year for the C∙I∙B. Our papers continue to appear in all the top‐rated ecology journals and received many citations, and much attention in the media. The C∙I∙B continued to make substantial contributions to policy relating to biological invasions and associated issues in South Africa and internationally. Various measures clearly show that the Centre is widely acknowledged as a global centre of excellence in this field. New partnerships continue to be sought to ensure coverage of all geographic and thematic areas in South Africa. Our partnerships with the Natural Resources Management Programmes, the South African National Biodiversity Institute, the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity and the City of Cape Town were especially productive during 2015. Our international Research Associates were very productive during the year. Besides boosting the C∙I∙B’s output of publications these collaborations build crucial partnerships that improve the global reach and reputation of the C∙I∙B and provide exciting opportunities for C∙I∙B‐affiliated personnel (core team members, research associates, students and post‐doctoral associates) to work with global leaders in the field. The C∙I∙B Fellowship initiative is now firmly in place and is attracting top international researchers to work with core team members. C·I·B ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2015 Contents 1 Scientific Research .........................................................................................................................