VOL. 10, NO 21, NOVEMBER, 2015 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com DESIGN AND MODELLING OF ELECTRICAL MACHINE FOR CEILING FAN SYSTEM N. F. Zulkarnain, T. Ibrahim and H. Z. Hashim Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia E-Mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to conduct an empirical research to design the electrical machine of a ceiling fan system purposely to generate additional electrical power. The conventional single-phase ceiling fan using an induction motor has a lower 30% efficiency. In addition, the wasted kinetic energy from the mechanical rotor rotation can be converted from mechanical energy to electrical energy. Literature review on topologies of an electrical machine, ceiling fan technologies, previous research on ceiling fan and air gap configurations was systematically analyse in order to obtain the optimum proposed designs configuration. In this research, the permanent magnet machine configuration was selected to propose two designs of ceiling fan machine. The newly introduced design concept in this study is the use of concept single rotor double stator that combining the motor and generator in one system. In this research, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been performed to justify and to compare the outcome of the proposed designs using the An soft Maxwell software by analysing the induced voltage, flux linkage, flux distribution and air gap flux density.The selected optimized design will be used to develop a prototype for validating the procedure between the simulation result and experimental result.The testing of the prototype will be conducted experimentally to validate the output with the conventional ceiling fan in term of output power, efficiency and speed. Keywords: permanent magnet, ceiling fan, back EMF. INTRODUCTION can be captured could be useful to generate additional The energy usage for each building and electricity. household are affected by the usage of electrical Figure-1 shows the daily usage of electrical appliances, such as lighting system, electronic appliances appliances in hours for various household electrical and cooling appliances which carries high electricity appliances in Malaysia [7]. As will be seen, the air consumption. However, the rate of energy electricity conditioner and ceiling fan are classified as the most usage consumption is depends on surrounding factor for instance electrical appliances per day. Considering the climate and occupant, management, environmental standard, building temperature in Malaysia can reach up to 30° C during design and construction, mechanical and electrical daytime, people prefer to use these two applications as a equipment and climate [1]. Realising the importance of the cooling appliance. electricity towards the development of the country, The power consumption of each electrical Malaysian government had taken the initiatives to increase appliances are varies by the power rating, depends on the the generation of electricity in the country. amount consumed energy and the usage time of the Energy harvesting can be defined as a process of appliances. Figure-2 highlights the yearly energy which the energy is derived and capture to generate consumption of each electrical appliance in kWh [7]. Even electrical energy [2]. Energy can be harvested in many though the usage time of air conditioner is lower than ways such as electromagnetic energy, solar energy, electrical fan, the energy consumption of air conditioner is thermal energy or body heat, light energy, mechanical 42% higher compared to electrical ceiling fan because of energy etc. [3] [4] [5] [6]. A small amount of energy that the high power rating. 10174 VOL. 10, NO 21, NOVEMBER, 2015 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com Refrigerator 24 18,87 Television 8,23 7,91 Stand fan 6,37 5,9 Compact fluorescent lamp 5,43 4,87 Dekstop PC 4,68 4,23 Incandescent lamp 3,76 1,68 Rice cooker 1,36 1,2 Electric kettle 1,12 0,93 Mixer 0,61 0,59 Toaster 0,47 0,47 Hair dryer 0,45 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Figure-1. Daily usage of electrical appliance in hours [7]. Air-conditioner 1167 Ceilling fan 670 Resrigirator 597 Fluorescent lamp 369 Water heater 366 Television 244 Rice cooker 242 Electric iron 241 Electric kettle 216 Washing machine 150 Compact fluorescent lamp 122 Stand fan 93 Vacuum cleaner 84 Incandescent lamp 75 Dekstop PC 55 Microwave oven 51 Thermo pot 42 Toaster 36 Hair dryer 23 Laptop PC 23 Mixer 14 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Figure-2. Yearly electricity consumption [7]. In a developed country, ceiling fan has become consequently affect the performance of the motor [8], one of the most preferred cooling appliances, especially [9].Various types of ceiling fan motor had been for hot-warm climate country, Malaysia. The ownership of improvised beginning from the conventional ceiling fan ceiling fan for each household in Malaysia increasing each invented a century ago [10]. One of the inventor C. M. Liu year as the development of the residential area over the [11] had invented a single-phase induction motor of country growing up rapidly. In relation to that, ceiling fan ceiling fan with bi-directional control that can change the had contributed significantly to electricity consumptions in direction of motor using a remote controller. Another type Malaysia, especially to residential area. of ceiling fan with outer rotor DC brushless motor was Most of the electrical appliances and devices had invented by Y. F. Tang [12] consist of a centre base with an improvement in term of efficiency to decrease the multiple blades and a DC brushless motor as a driving power rating so that the electricity consumption can be source had increased the efficiency of the ceiling fan reduced, thus reducing the costing for electricity bill. The motor. improvement of performance in ceiling fan motor is Generally, conventional ceiling fan is driven by a important in the battle against the rising of global single-phase induction motor with 30% efficiency [13]. temperature and the increasing demand of cooling This value of efficiency is not sufficient enough for the appliances. The ceiling fan must be high in efficiency and performance of the ceiling fan motor. Many researchers also energy saving. The standard electric ceiling fan using have developed a few methods and came out with a single-phase induction motor and has a low efficiency, prototype of ceiling fan with better-quality output 10175 VOL. 10, NO 21, NOVEMBER, 2015 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ©2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com efficiency and energy saving. A research was carried out i) To conduct extensive literature review on various by M.Fazil and K. R. Rajagopal [13], [14] to develop a electrical machine technologies of ceiling fan in order single-phase permanent magnet brushless DC (PM BLDC) to obtain the best design configuration motor for high volume domestic appliances such as ceiling ii) To propose two new designs of ceiling fan system fan. Another type of ceiling fan that is using brushless DC which consist of motor and generator combined into motor was improved by L. Chuan-Sheng and H. Jonq- one system Chin [15] had increased the performance of ceiling fan iii) To simulate and to compare the proposed designs motor and energy saving up to 50%. Moreover, L. Chuan- using the finite element analysis (FEA), Ansoft Sheng et al [16] also developed the new structure of Maxwell permanent magnet synchronous ceiling fan motor that are iv) To develop a most promising prototype and perform a high in efficiency and energy saving. In a different comprehensive test to compare the efficiency, speed perspective, a parametric studied of conventional ceiling and output power with the conventional ceiling fan. fan motor was demonstrated by M. A. Afaq et al [17] to improve the flow field variables and field efficiency. The LITERATURE REVIEW output testing included the velocity profile, mass flow rate, rated air delivery and torque by varying the rake angle of Electrical machines type the blade. Numerous researches were done to improve the Different type of electrical machines need to be operating or the controlling system as well as the compared and justified before choosing the most efficiency of the ceiling fan motor. Each type of motor has advantageous design and implement it into the electrical their own strengths and weaknesses depending on the machine of the ceiling fan design such as direct current input system, model design and also the applications. machine, induction machine, synchronous machine and Motor is a machine that converts the input of permanent magnet machine. Every machine has their own electrical energy to mechanical energy or kinetic energy. characteristics and capabilities that compared the level of As been discussed before, energy can be harvested from performance and feasibility for the ceiling fan application the mechanical energy or kinetic energy. Therefore, the [18], [19]. wasted kinetic energy from the mechanical rotor rotation From the comparison on types of electrical can be converted from mechanical energy to electrical machine, the criteria of permanent magnet machine are energy (as shown in Figure-3), consequently generate the more suitable for designing the ceiling fan which has high additional electrical power. Moreover, the efficiency of the power and torque density. Furthermore, permanent magnet ceiling fan motor can be improved by using different provides a constant excitation and generates a high topologies of electrical machine. This research will magnetic flux, thus provides a high efficiency in the range assesses the topologies of electrical machine specifically of nominal speed.