DOCIBIE/T RESUME/ "ED 258 568 IR 011 723 TITI International Comiumique. About Infcirmation, People, Places, Things-. larinting Processes Issue . S INSTITUTION Department of Agriculture, Waslaington, D.C."; Peace .Coirps, Washington, DC. Informatiom Collection and Exchange Div. PUB DATE Sep 68 . pappm 13p.p Produced by International Agricultural Development Service: 11TYPE Guides - General (050) EDRS PRICE NFO1 /PC01 Plus Postage. / It DESCRIPTORS Instructional Materials; *Material Development; V *Printing; *Production Techniques; *Reprography; *Visual Aids IDENTIFIERS #ectograph Proces0; *Silk Screen Printing . # . ABSTRACT - Focusing on the production.ind utilization of printing processes in constructing effectiVe visuals for teaching, this bulletin,containi articles on the silk screening stencil process, use of a similar processwith a portable mimeograph, and the hectograph process. The first article lists equipment needed to make a silk screen, steps inbuilding the printing outfit,'three methods for constructing stencils, recipes for film adherent liquid and water . soluble' adherent liquid, directions for paint application, screen cleaning procedures, and drying of finished silk screencprints, including instructions for building a drying rack. The second article illustrates use of the portable hand-operated mimeograph, and the third describes a hectograph and gives instructions for its . construction and use. The final article briefly describes more - expensive procesies, i.e., typeset,.intiglio, planography4toffset), electrostatography.(xerography), and diazo. (.78) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** .4 BEST COPYMIME' P.-8B Printing Processes Issue September 1968 ; national moque .0 0.-AfxNekiKcilia4C1:114,11o124., International Agricultural DevelopmentService U.S. Department of Agribluture MARE ATTRACTIVE. VISUALS IIITH SILK% SCREEN - Colorful, good quality, well-designed Down the middle of the frame, on the visuals will call attention to your projects sides eiat contact the base, make a groove and.make your teaching more effective: An 1/0 finch (4 am.) wide and 3/8,inch (10=6, easy, inexpensive process for making these deep. I colorful posters, leaflet covers, flip charts,. flash cards, and similar objects, is silk screen. Essentially, silk screening is.a stencil process whereby ink or paint is. applied through a stencil Ontoasurface. to receive the print. Yot?..can use it pni. paper, Cards,' plastic, glasS, or metal, and on curved surfaces as well As flat. The equipment you need'boneists of: --A base tv support the paper or cardboard to be printed. - -A silk - cornered framehinged to the base, 4-Sllk with rempvable pin hinges. --A paper or plastic stencil fixed to the side of the silk that contacts the.under side of the screen. CROSS SECTION OF FRAME SHOWING NOTCH FOR CORD. a - -A6q.leegee with a rubber edge to spread A the ink or.paint oVer, the silk screen. --Ink or Paint. Lay the 41k evenly over the grooved STEPS' IN MAKING-THE PRINTING OUTFIT,' side of the frame and attach it in the following manner: Place a'cord on the Make a frame from smooth, non-werp- ilk directly over the groove'. Tap it ightly with a hammer to force the cord ir* firth wood, and hinge this to.e. !slightly larger base made from the same and silk into the groove." To elks the quality material.' Use only hinges with silk groper tension, use a wooden wedge removable pins so the frame can be taken to drive the cord little by litge off for cleaning( ward the bottom of the Keep witDEPARTMENT DP EDUCATION a NATIONAL resTrTun OF ettuc,Aucird EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC! Ilk The documenthes beenft/produced as wowed from TheDemon or orgenlastion oncenauno Reprinted by Peace Corps/Information Calectipm""Mewchanges here been mods to imordve & Exchange with the permission USDA. tooroduction motor Pointe of visit( orooiniono Rated in this docu- 2 ment do not noortorrily rent officio! ND Derision or poky*. THREE POPULAR METHODS FCRMAKING STENCILS For simple work, designsmay be cut . from paper and.thepaper stencil adhered to thescreen (the silk). 2.- Stencils forvery detailed desig6,or illustrationsare usUally made phOta.graphie.-. .aaly*.t This process condistsessentially of exposing transparentposi-pre copy to light-sensitive gelatin film. Portions of the gelatin protected frot lightduring exposure remain soluble in water while areas exposed becomeinsoluable. Unexposed areas are then washed"awayiind the remain-' ing gelatin is adhered to themesh ortlie scree* forminga printing stepcil. light source r Attach the silk to the Aso.by using a cord. To giver the silk theproper tension, use a wooden 'fledge to drive the cord and the silk into tb4 plate glass groove, photo positive sensitized film Ai-- rubber mitt, going' around the entire fraz during the 3. F most situatio43, you will prolyibly operation. To test the ten'sion drop -a want 'o use the knife -cut film system. quarter or similar coin (20 to 25mm. in, The ea is quite similar to the paper diameter) on the elk fromabout a foot stencil method, except youuse a fi'lm con- high 0 cm.). When the coin will bounce sist, rig of lacquer, acetateor gelatin' to almost the same height fromwhich it coating adhe'red to' a waxedpaper or was dropped, the silk will have .the proper tension. -YOu must then dIscgntinue scteen pushing tihe cord any further because film greater tension might tear the sIlk. Thumb tacks, may be need instead of the Cord, but this makes it difficultto stretch the silk evenly andyou kiamage; the frame when you change pieces(if silk. 3 .4 plastic backing. By knife-cutting this Here are 2 recipes for making solvents in fiIi you can prepare more intricate , case these are not readily available stencils than you can prepare with paper. commercially.. SIPS FOR USING .THE KNIFE -CUT FILM METHOD Yil Adherent Liquid . Since this ip the method you will 1 gallon paint thinner use in.post situations, probably, let's 2 teaspoons castor oil look at it in more detail. There are For slower action, increase amount of basically 4 steps involved. castor oil; decrease for faster re- sults. Overdoing will cause failure. 4)Cut the film with a knife to form the design to be printed. Mater Soluble Adherent Liquid cut -sections to be printed film' 1 gallon Methylated Alcohol backing 2 teaspoons sugar pap& Amount of sugar can be increas6d to- slow action but may damageistencil The film is trans- during process. parent, so you can place it over a copy of your design in order to have a pattern to, follow when you are cutting the film. 4) When drytpeel away the backing paper. Take care not to cut through the backing paper or plastic, though. As you cut the silk screen areas to be printed, peel them away from film the backing paper and discard them. backing paper . After drying, you can peelaway the paper or plastic backing, leaving the desired film stencil adhered to thescreen. filmbeing . removed from screen theletter 'W. thefilm hay been removed frame from the letter '7" .screen with 4) Soften the film with a solvent and . Aim adhered press.it into the mesh of the screen. printing . ,surface silk screen film base. backing paper Wlif.; all printing portions have been peel- ed away place the screen over the film illustratvl and moisten the film through the, screen with just enough solvent to soften tt# film r-ausing it to become 0 Print the copies you want. After stifilcy. he careful not. -Lc, use too much the stencil is completed, place the solvent, as this would dissolve the film. screen over the_materiAl to be printed. t Pripting with Mix starch with enough cold water a squeegee to make a smooth paste.' Add boiling water and coal until glossy. Stir in soap flakes while mixture iswarm. ,When cool, add coloring such as: tempdra powder, food color, ink or a watAr'soluble dye. f) Recipe #2 Cup cornstarch cups water '1/8 cup soapflakes Bring water to/.a boil. Mix corn- ;;;Ba !...!.;7;...+*..-;:*+.%.';**- . silk starch 4ith a small amount of cold water and stir the two together. Bring to a flint boil: and stir until thickened., Add soap- printing flakes while warm. Color. surface Recipe /13 Put a couple spoonful's of paint In a Dissolve - cup cornstarch in line across one end of the screen. ghe 3/4 cup cold water paint should be like auto transmission Dissolve 1 eEnvelopb gelat grease, not thin enough to fall through 11 tsblespoOn, unflavor ) in the screen on its own accord. /Use a 1 cup cold water squeegee (stiff rubber blade) to draw t ink across the screen, foreing it through Heat 2 cups of water, pour in cow- the open areas in thesterkil and onto starch. Add dissolved gelatin. Boilli% .the surface to be printed:Lift,the and stir until'thickened.' Cool and add - cup soapflakes. Color. screen. Remove theprint and replace It with the next piece to be printed.- Pull the paint back the other way fp the next print. Place an amount 2 nt on the screen which, together .with'it'right SOMt OBSERVATIONS blade pressure, will produce an acceptabler print with one stroke of the squeegee. Paints that were colored with . If you are primting on an extremely powdered tempera are more brilliant than absorbent surface, such as clay- coated those colored with food colors or ink. stock or bl tter type paper, it will Presumably many types of water soluble help to use ome binding 'varnish in fast dyes could be used. drying poste inks. u Either oil soluble or water bast Recipe #2 seems quite lumpy but this paints can be used; but water'basehas does not affect the printing quality. easier cleanup. Mrs. pen4amtn COx, VITA participant, lists Ihe.6,' .trng recipes When stored ln jars with tilt fit- , for making silk scrteenlki MA, lids, these paints should havea p .., shelf life of several months.