roject 2006–2010 esearch P R @ Coordinated Report of a Fusion: An Fusion: Approach Integrated Pathways to Energy from Inertial Pathways to IAEA-TECDOC-1704 IAEA-TECDOC-1704 ■ T PA HWAYS to ENERGY FROM INERTIAL FUSION: AN INTEGRated APPROACH VIENNA ISSN 1011–4289 ISBN 978–92–0–139710–2 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC AGENCY ENERGY ATOMIC INTERNATIONAL PATHWAYS TO ENERGY FROM INERTIAL FUSION: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GUATEMALA PANAMA ALBANIA HAITI PAPUA NEW GUINEA ALGERIA HOLY SEE PARAGUAY ANGOLA HONDURAS PERU ARGENTINA HUNGARY PHILIPPINES ARMENIA ICELAND POLAND AUSTRALIA INDIA PORTUGAL AUSTRIA INDONESIA AZERBAIJAN IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BAHRAIN IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BANGLADESH IRELAND ROMANIA BELARUS ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELGIUM ITALY RWANDA BELIZE JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BENIN JAPAN SENEGAL BOLIVIA JORDAN SERBIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BOTSWANA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BRAZIL KOREA, REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA KUWAIT SINGAPORE BURKINA FASO KYRGYZSTAN SLOVAKIA BURUNDI LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SLOVENIA CAMBODIA REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON LATVIA SPAIN CANADA LEBANON SRI LANKA CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SUDAN REPUBLIC LIBERIA SWAZILAND CHAD LIBYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CONGO MADAGASCAR TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA MALAWI THAILAND CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CROATIA MALI REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CUBA MALTA TOGO CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA TUNISIA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS TURKEY OF THE CONGO MEXICO UGANDA DENMARK MONACO DOMINICA MONGOLIA UKRAINE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONTENEGRO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ECUADOR MOROCCO UNITED KINGDOM OF EGYPT MOZAMBIQUE GREAT BRITAIN AND EL SALVADOR MYANMAR NORTHERN IRELAND ERITREA NAMIBIA UNITED REPUBLIC ESTONIA NEPAL OF TANZANIA ETHIOPIA NETHERLANDS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NEW ZEALAND FIJI URUGUAY FINLAND NICARAGUA UZBEKISTAN FRANCE NIGER GABON NIGERIA VENEZUELA GEORGIA NORWAY VIETNAM GERMANY OMAN YEMEN GHANA PAKISTAN ZAMBIA GREECE PALAU ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA-TECDOC-1704 PATHWAYS TO ENERGY FROM INERTIAL FUSION: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH report OF A COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT 2006–2010 International ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2013 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books For further information on this publication, please contact: Physics Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] © IAEA, 2013 Printed by the IAEA in Austria APRIL 2013 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Pathways to energy from inertial fusion: an integrated approach. – Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2013. p. ; 30 cm. – (IAEA-TECDOC series, ISSN 1011-4289; no. 1704) ISBN 978-92-0-139710-2 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Nuclear fusion – Research. 2. Inertial confinement fusion. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 13-00809 FOREWORD The IAEA has continuously demonstrated its commitment to supporting the development of safe and environmentally clean nuclear fusion energy. Statistics show that at the current rate of energy consumption, fusion energy would remain an inexhaustible energy source for humankind for millions of years. Furthermore, some of the existing and foreseen risks — such as nuclear waste disposal and rising greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels — can also be reduced. In the quest for fusion energy, two main lines of research and development are currently being pursued worldwide, namely the inertial and the magnetic confinement fusion concepts. For both approaches, the IAEA has conducted coordinated research activities focusing on specific physics and technological issues relevant the establishment of the knowledge base and foundation for the design and construction of fusion power plants. This report describes the recent research and technological developments and challenges in inertial fusion energy within the framework of such a coordinated research effort. The coordinated research project on Pathways to Energy from Inertial Fusion: An Integrated Approach was initiated in 2006 and concluded in 2010. The project involved experts and institutions from 16 Member States, addressing issues relevant to advancing inertial fusion energy research and development in its practical applications. The key topics addressed include: (i) high repetition rate, low cost, high efficiency ignition drivers; (ii) beam–matter/beam–plasma interaction related to inertial fusion target physics; (iii) target fusion chamber coupling and interface; and (iv) integrated inertial fusion power plant design. Participants in this coordinated research project have contributed 17 detailed research For further information on this publication, please contact: and technology progress reports of work performed at national and international levels. This report compiles all these reports while highlighting the various achievements. The IAEA officers Physics Section responsible for this publication were R. Kamendje and T. Desai of the Division of Physical and International Atomic Energy Agency Chemical Sciences. Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] © IAEA, 2013 Printed by the IAEA in Austria APRIL 2013 EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the authors. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. This publication has not been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA. 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CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 COUNTRY REPORTS Experimental progress on fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed matter. ....... 11 R. Jafer, D. Batani, L. Volpe, M. Koenig, S. Baton, E. Brambrink, F. Perez, F. Dorchies, J.J. Santos, C. Fourment, S. Hulin, P. Nicolai, B. Vauzour, K. Lancaster, M. Galimberti, R. Heathcote, M. Tolley, Ch. Spindloe, P. Koester, L. Labate, L. Gizzi, C. Benedetti, A. Sgattoni, M. Richetta, J. Pasley, F. Beg, S. Chawla, D. Higginson, A. MacKinnon, A. McPhee, Duck-Hee Kwon, Y. Ree Experimental study on laser non-uniformity mitigation .......................................................... 21 T. Desai Short pulse KrF lasers for inertial fusion ................................................................................. 27 I.B. Földes Transverse diagnostics of intense, focused heavy ion beams .................................................. 37 D.H.H. Hoffmann, F. Becker, P. Forck High power laser based inertial fusion energy research coordinated in associated laboratories ............................................................................................................................... 43 M. Kalal, S. Yu.Gus’kov, A. Kasperczuk, D. Klir, E. Krousky, J. Limpouch, M. Martinkova, M. Pfeifer, T. Pisarczyk, Y.J. Rhee, K. Rohlena, N. Rudraiah, J. Skala, O. Slezak, J. Ullschmied Investigations of interaction of laser radiation and plasma beams with materials of reactor chamber for inertial confinement fusion ...................................................................... 53 R.T. Khaydarov, H.B. Beisinbaeva, M.M. Sabitov, V.B. Terentev, G.R. Berdiyorov, T. Akramov The study of the beam combination laser system with high power/energy