Alexandra N. Lenz/ Mateusz Maselko (eds.) VARIATIONist Linguistics meets CONTACTLinguistics Vienna University Press © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 Wiener Arbeiten zur Linguistik Band 6 Herausgegeben vonAlexandra N. Lenz, Melanie Malzahn, Eva-Maria Remberger und Nikolaus Ritt Advisory Board: Peter Auer, Universität Freiburg, Deutschland Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Universität South-Australia, Australien Olga Fischer, Universität Amsterdam, Niederlande Junko Ito, UC Santa Cruz, USA Hans Kamp, Universität Stuttgart, Deutschland Johanna Laakso, Universität Wien, Österreich Michele Loporcaro, Universität Zürich, Schweiz Jim McCloskey, UC Santa Cruz, USA John Nerbonne, Universität Groningen, Niederlande Peter Trudgill, Universität Agder, Norwegen © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 Alexandra N. Lenz /Mateusz Maselko (eds.) VARIATIONist Linguistics meets CONTACT Linguistics In cooperation with Manuela Lanwermeyer With 101 figures V&Runipress Vienna University Press © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über https://dnb.de abrufbar. Veröffentlichungen der Vienna University Press erscheinen bei V&R unipress. Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung des Rektorats der Universität Wien, der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich ± Congressi Stefano Franscini ± des österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) sowie der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW). © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Theaterstraße 13, D-37073 Göttingen Dieses Werk ist als Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der Creative-Commons-Lizenz BY International 4.0 (¹Namensnennungª) unter dem DOI 10.14220/9783737011440 abzurufen. Um eine Kopie dieser Lizenz zu sehen, besuchen Sie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Jede Verwertung in anderen als den durch diese Lizenz zugelassenen Fällen bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Verlages. Umschlagabbildung: Beautiful row of vintage postal mailboxes in Fuerteventura (Spain), iStock Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Verlage | www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com ISSN 2365-7731 ISBN 978-3-7370-1144-0 © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 Contents AlexandraN.Lenz /Mateusz Maselko When Variation(ist Linguistics) Meets Contact(Linguistics). To This Volume ..................................... 7 Pamela Goryczka /Virginie Gremaud Report of the Conference “VARIATIONist Linguistics meets CONTACT Linguistics” (Ascona 2018) .......................... 17 ILanguages in Contact Extraterritorial Varieties of German and Norwegian Katharina Dück Language Contact and Language Attitudes of Caucasian Germans in Today’sCaucasus and Germany ....................... 25 Peter Rosenberg The Impact of Variation, Contact, and Change on Case Morphology: What Can We Learn from Language Islands in the ‘Flood’?........ 51 Mateusz Maselko Grammaticalized give as Existential and Copula VerbinRiograndese Hunsrik and Brazilian Portuguese:ACase of (Supportive) Language Contact?.................................... 93 Janne Bondi Johannessen (†) Dialect Syntax in Norway and America:Research Infrastructure and Research Results ................................133 © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 6 Contents Historical Contact Scenarios Stefaniya Ptashnyk Language Variation in Multilingual Historical Settings:Multilingual Practices at the University of Lemberg in the Late 19th Century ......155 Jelena Zˇivojinovic´ Language Contact in Renaissance Ragusa ..................181 II Varieties in Contact Varieties of German in Austria Johanna Fanta-Jende Varieties in Contact. Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of Phonological Variation in Austria ..............................203 Lars Bülow /Dominik Wallner Dialect Contact in Salzburg. The Case of sein (‘to be’)...........241 Jutta Ransmayr Classroom Talk in Austria. Standard and Non-standard Varieties and Language Preferences in German Lessons ..................273 Lisa Krammer Frau Professor, wo is’ndie Anwesenheitslist’n? AttitudesTowardsthe Variational Usage of German Language in the Context of University Lecture. An Empirical Study at Viennese Universities...........297 Wolfgang Koppensteiner /Agnes Kim Perspectives on Change:Language (Varieties) Contact and Language Ideologies on German in Austria .......................317 Varieties of German in Germany Verena Sauer The Inner-German Border and its Effects on the Former DialectBorder Areas in Bavariaand Thuringia........................359 ManuelaLanwermeyer The Impact of DialectExposureonPhoneme Processing: Electrophysiological Evidence from German Dialects ............385 © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 Alexandra N. Lenz /Mateusz Maselko When Variation(ist Linguistics) Meets Contact (Linguistics). To ThisVolume Introduction This volume focuses on the inherently heterogeneous natureoflanguage(s) as seen from the perspectiveofvariationist linguistics and contact linguistics, which became establishedand internationally recognized sub-disciplines of (socio-) linguistics during the latter half of the 20th century. Over the last few years, each paradigmhas considerably broadened the spectrum of the topics under inves- tigation, however there has not yet been an extensiveand satisfactory exchange between the twoscientific fields. An inter(sub)disciplinary meeting in the Italian-speaking Swiss Canton of Ticino, organizedbythe University of Genevaand Austrian Academy of Sciences, wasexpected to contributetoanamendment of these unfavorable circumstances by assembling young and experienced researchers from the areas of variationist and contact linguistics and by creatingaplatform for discursiveexchange and future cooperation between these twolinguistic fields. This volume is one of the scientific impacts resulting from the homonymous International Conference “VARIATIONist Linguistics meets CONTACT Lin- guistics” which took place at the Congress Center Monte Verità in Ascona from May 20–23, 2018 (for more details, see the conference report by Pamela Goryczka and Virginie Gremaud in this volume). Selected (and peer-reviewed) papers published in the present book—for the most part—draw upon talks held during the conference. Areas of Research Both variationist linguistics and contact linguistics arehighly interdisciplinary research fields.They havebeenprogrammaticallyinfluenced by and havein- spired other linguistic sub-disciplines (including: quantitativelinguistics, corpus linguistics, historical linguistics, dialectology, sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics © 2020, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847111443 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737011440 8 Alexandra N. Lenz /Mateusz Maselko or so-called cultural linguistics, linguistic typology, psycholinguistics, perceptual linguistics, gender linguistics, lexicography,pragmatics, contrastivelinguistics) and neighboring disciplines (including: sociology, psychology, geography, his- tory, anthropology, colonial studies, theology, literary studies, political and legal sciences). Although contact and variationist linguistics are closely related to other scientific areas, they clearly addresstheirown different linguistic aspects and employ distinct methods. Contact linguistics investigates the use of languages,which—like their speakers—are socially in contact with each other. This disciplineisexplored through different stages—varying according to phenomena, area, and period— of the language contact process, including its inception,evolution, and results. At the same time, it considers the intralinguistic and extralinguisticparameters and control factors that determine the level of intensity of interactionand, therefore, of potential influence. Language contact occurs in alarge number of phenomena, including:language convergence, borrowing, relexification, hybrid structures development, adoption, as well as degradation, and leveling of morphological and grammatical features, code-switching,stratal influence, and language shift. It can lead to the emergence of new varieties (such as pidgins, creoles,mixed- language varieties,interdialects—especially so-called language ‘island’ varieties’ or linguistic ‘enclaves’,minority languages, ethnolects, guest workers’ varieties, xenolects) or even fully-developed languages. Not least of all, awide range of interestsinlanguage contact studies includes (‘external’)multilingualism—be that in the context of language border areas, non-monolingual communities, migration,orthe workplace (cf. Bakker /Matras 2013; Darquennes /Salmons / Vandenbussche 2019; Hickey 2010; Hogan-Brun /O’Rourke 2019; Matras 2009; Myers-Scotton 2002; Plewnia /Riehl 2018; Riehl 2012; Thomason/Kaufman 1988). The main focus of contact linguistics is on exploring the interactionbe- tween differentlanguages, which has caused thislinguistics sub-disciplinetobe referred to as interlingual contact studies. In contrast, the mutual influenceof variousvarieties representing the same language—so-called intralingual contact —is only