id2351130 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com THE ISSUE OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER Arranged By: NINA FARLINA NIM. 104026000902 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2008 1 2 THE ISSUE OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Strata One Degree Arranged By: NINA FARLINA NIM. 104026000902 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2008 3 ABSTRACT Nina Farlina, The Issue of Cultural Identity in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. Thesis. Jakarta: Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, September 2008. In this research, the writer analyzes a novel by Khaled Hosseini entitled The Kite Runner. This research is focused on the character analysis and Cultural Identity. The writer uses qualitative descriptive method. The Kite Runner describes two main characters, Amir and Hassan. They come from the same background, Afghanistan, but present different ethnic and inter-religion. The first character, Amir is a Pashtun ethnic, the majority ethnic group in Afghanistan, who believes he is a better class than the Hazara and who follows the Sunni sect of Islam. The second character is Hassan. Hassan is a Hazara ethnic, a minority ethnic group of Afghanis who follow Islamic beliefs called Shi’a. The different ethnics and inter-religions create civil war, ethnic conflict, and inter-religion conflict. Amir envies and has internal conflict toward Hassan. Amir creates everything to wipe Hassan off his life. Amir’s conflict makes him feel guilty and sin toward Hassan. Finally, Amir can bury his past memories toward Hassan in America after bringing son of Hassan, Sohrab. In America, Amir still keeps and uses his cultural identity as the Afghan especially as the Pashtun. 4 APPROVEMENT THE ISSUE OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Strata One Degree NINA FARLINA 104026000902 Approved By: DINI MASITAH, S.S. M.Hum. NIP. 150 317 724 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2008 5 LEGALIZATION The thesis entitled “The Issue of Cultural Identity in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner” has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’s examination Committee on September 5, 2008. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for Strata One Degree. Jakarta, September 5, 2008 Examination Committee Chair Person, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd. NIP. 150 299 480 NIP. 150 261 902 Members: Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum Drs. H. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed. NIP. 150 317 725 NIP. 150 181 922 6 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. Jakarta, September 5, 2008 Nina Farlina 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. First of all, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe and the thereafter. She is sure that all she has is from Him. Peace and blessing be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW and all of his friends and followers. On this occasion, the writer would like to express her gratitude to her family: her Dad (Nur Ali), her mom (Nur Janah), for their financial support, prayers, hope and all the contribution she need to finish her study in this university and she also wants to thank to her brothers (Fahrul, Baidi, Syauqi) for supporting her in doing her study. Then, the writer would like to thank to her advisor Dini Masitah, M. Hum for her great patient and contributions in finishing this study. She thanks for all her advices that have been given to her, and may God bless her and her family. The writer wishes to say gratitude to the following persons: 1. Dr. H. Abd. Chair, M.A., the Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Humanities. 2. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd., the Head of the English Department. 3. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd., the Secretary of the English Department. 4. All lecturers of English Letters Department for having taught and educated the writer during her study at State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah”. 8 5. All of the Librarian of Faculty of Letters and Humanities, State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah” as well as the Librarians in University of Indonesia. 6. Her beloved (Abanxu Ozi) for giving her some supports, motivation and moral encouragement to finish this paper. 7. Her cousin (Hannan) for giving her some supports to finish this paper. 8. All of her friends at English Letters Department, especially her classmates: Rika, Lia, Jay, Cut, Atin, Ne2k for cheering her up in any condition, give her some spirits and being her friends. May Allah bless us. Amin. Jakarta, September 2008 The writer 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..i APPROVEMENT……………………………………………………………………ii LEGALIZATION…………………………………………………………………..iii DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………….v TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………..vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………...1 A. Background of the Study……………………………………………..…1 B. Scope of the Research…………………………………………………...6 C. Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….6 D. Objective of the Research……………………………………………….6 E. Significance of the Research……………………………………………7 F. Methodology of the Research…………………………………………..7 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK………………………………9 A. The Theory of Character……………………………………………..….9 B. The Concept of Stuart Hall’s Cultural Identity ………………………..12 C. The Culture in Afghanistan……………………………………………15 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS………………………………………19 A. Data Description……………………………………………………….19 B. Character Analysis……………………………………………………..22 C. The Issue of Cultural Identity……………………………………….…33 CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………………………..51 A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………..51 B. Suggestion……………………………………………………………..53 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………….….54 11 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study America is a destination place for immigrants from many countries. Many immigrants stay in U.S for different reasons such as studying, working, or running away from economic or politic crisis, religious conflict and warfare in their homeland. In America, the immigrants come along with their original culture. However, they face many kind of problems in the host country; they realize that they are different with the local people, by having a different name, physical appearance, culture, ethnicity, and religion among other things. Nevertheless, they have to adopt and develop in the host country. This is proved from their success in literature. Many of them produced many literatures such as novels, essays, and short stories about their life as immigrant in their adopted country, such as Jumpa Lahiri, Shauna Singh Baldwin1 and Amir Tan. They showed 1 Shauna Singh Baldwin published her first novel, What the Body Remembers (1999), that has been translated into 11 languages and won the 2000 Commonwealth Writer's Prize for the Canada/ Caribbean region and was longlisted for the prestigious Orange Prize in Fiction. She is also the author of English Lessons and Other Stories and coauthor of A Foreign Visitor's Survival Guide to North America. Her short stories have been published widely and have won numerous prestigious literary prizes in the United States, Canada, and India. (Emily Johansen, Shauna Singh Baldwin, accessed on September 6, 2008. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009820) 12 that their work is good as well as the other writers from the origin of America. The other writers who succeed become an established writer is Khaled Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini is one of the Afghan immigrants who studied in Los Angeles and decided to become an established writer after releasing The Kite Runner.2 Khaled Hosseini gets positive respond for his novel The Kite Runner from American public. His novel becomes best-seller in 2005 according to Nielsen BookScan3. Another responds come from a famous writer who participates in front of The Kite Runner’s cover, Isabel Allende Liona4: “A wonderful work… this is one of those unforgettable stories that stay with you for years. All the great themes of literature and of life are the fabric of this extradionary novel: love, guilt, redemption…..it is so powerful that for a long time after, everything I read seemed bland”. Liona shows her admiration toward Hosseini that according to her can present enchantment story in the past for the readers through its themes such as love, guilt and redemption in a story. 2Khaled Hosseini,Wikipedia. January 12, 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Hosseini, p. 2 3Ibid., p. 3. 4 Isabel Allende Liona, (born 2 August 1942), is a Chilean novelist. Allende, who writes in the "magic realism" tradition, is considered one of the first successful women novelists