UNIVERSITY OF GONDER COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATIONS OF SOCIALLY EXCLUDED MINORITIES IN OROMIA REGION: A CASE STUDY ON THE FUGA MINORITY OF TOKE KUTAYE WEREDA, WEST SHEWA ZONE. BY: TESFAYE MULUGETA TAKELE SEPTEMBER, 2020 GONDAR, ETHIOPIA THESIS SUBMITTED TO COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR REQUIREMENTS OF MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES BY: TESFAYE MULUGETA TAKELE SEPTEMBER, 2020 GONDAR, ETHIOPIA viii Thesis Approval This is to certify that the thesis entitled “The socio-economic Situations of socially excluded minorities in Oromia region: A Case Study on the ‘Fuga’ minority of Toke Kutayewereda, West Shewa Zone.” by Tesfaye Mulugeta is approved for the degree of Master of Arts in civics and ethical Studies, complies with regulation of the university and meets the accepted standard with respect to originality and quality. By: Tesfaye Mulugeta Takele Approved by the Board of Examiners ______________________ _______________ ______________ Advisor Signature Date ______________________ _______________ ______________ External Examiner Signature Date ______________________ ____________ ______________ Internal Examiner Signature Date ix Declaration I declare that this project is a product of my own independent research work and the thesis entitled “The socio-economic situations of socially excluded minorities in Oromia region: A Case Study on the ‘Fuga’ minority of Toke Kutaye wereda, West Shewa Zone.” is my original work and has not been presented for a degree, diploma or fellowship to any other university and I further maintain that all the sources of materials referenced, information derived, cited used for the thesis have been given the appropriate acknowledgement Tesfaye Mulugeta Takele Signature: _________________ Date: _____________________ x Dedication This research project is dedicated to my family who cultivates and supports me with love, encouraged me to register for my master’s degree and gave me all the encouragement and support to complete the course and their understanding and patience during the time I was undertaking my studies. xi Certification This is to certify that this thesis entitled “The socio-economic situations of socially excluded minorities in Oromia region: A Case Study on the ‘Fuga’ minority of Toke Kutaye wereda, West Shewa Zone.” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MA, in college of Social Science and Humanities Department of the civics and Ethical Studies, University of Gondar, done by Mr. TesfayeMulugeta, ID, No,GUS/75305/09 is carried out by him under our guidance. Principal Advisor: M/r Ketemaw Muluye Signature: ________________ Date: _______________________ xii Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to offer my great thanks to God, for giving me this opportunity and helping me go throughout all my life. It is my pleasure to express my heartfelt thanks to a number of people and institutions for their help and support in the process and success of producing this thesis. Then after, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and heartfelt thanks to my thesis advisor, M/r Ketemaw Muluye, for his constructive comments, criticisms, advice, encouragement and corrections on the draft versions of the thesis. His timely and scholarly contributions in providing related reference books and papers that would essentially help in shaping the research in such a beautiful manner. My special gratitude goes to my parents who supported me in life and encouraging me to complete the research even through the times I have faced difficulties without the massive efforts of him to organize the informants. I would not have come this far without your support and good will. I am indeed grateful. My deepest gratitude also goes to my dear family, who believing in me and helped me keep fighting for my dreams and for their continuous support and prayer during this work. I also owe special thanks to my beloved brother and sister for their astonishing support and encouragement throughout my study and for their strong support in providing valuable data. I would also like to acknowledge my all friends and relatives, for their extraordinary help and support during my study and for their support and encouragement throughout my graduate studies. It would be unwise not to mention the contribution of key informants, then I would like to extend great indebtedness to all my informants who unreservedly provided me with valuable inputs, willing and gave information for this thesis, without whom this thesis would not be accomplished. Finally, my heartfelt thanks also go to Toke Kutaye woreda Administrative for their genuine and sympathetic cooperation in the course of the data collection. I would like to further acknowledge the valuable assistance of the west shewa Zone all organizations and professionals, who willingly cooperate in responding the interviews and share ideas on research related issues during interviews. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge the School of Graduate Program of University of Gondar, for the provision of partial financial support to carry out the study. xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms CESCR Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CHR Commission on Human Rights COIC country of origin information center CSA Central Statics Agency FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ILF International Legal Foundation ILO International Labor Organization MoE Ministry of Education NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations UDHR ______ Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural organization WHO World Health Organization xiv Abstract This study was conducted to assess the socio-economic situations of minorities in Toke Kutaye Woreda in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. To realize its objectives, the study employed a qualitative research approach and a case study research design. Relevant data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected through in-depth interview, personal observation and document reviews. The interviews were conducted with 25 informants, which were selected from different section of the society. Moreover, observation and published and unpublished secondary data sources were used to collect pertinent data. The data were organized thematically and analyzed qualitatively. The findings revealed that the ‘Fuga’ minorities in Toke kutaye woreda are not treated equally. Due to social exclusion, the ‘Fuga’ minorities have been facing problems such as limited access to social services such as education and health services, low self-esteem, lack of genuine interaction with the rest of peoples of the study area, and low level of motivation to enhance their level of wellbeing. They are not recognized as distinct ethnic group, are not able to exercise the right to develop and promote their culture and they grouped with low social status. They are craft workers and have no access to lands to cultivate. Generally, they are socially and economically highly excluded minorities from any spheres of participation. From the findings, it is recommended that the government should introduce reforms to improve the disadvantages, continuous education and awareness raising program toward combating discriminatory attitudes toward ‘Fuga’ to teachers, students as well as the community through conferences and public meeting and community need to encourage ‘Fuga’ people interns of protecting and exercise effectively their right in social and economic right. Beside Professionals, academicians, the policy makers, and the public at large should not remain silent and let social injustice to remain unabated. Key terms: Social exclusion, Socio-economic challenge, ‘Fuga minority, Oromiya, challenges of social exclusion xv Table of contents Contents page Acknowledgement ............................................................................................. xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms ..............................................................................xiv Abstract ............................................................................................................. xv List of Figures ................................................................................................... xix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................ 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem .............................................................................. 2 1.3. Objectives of the study .................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 General objectives: ............................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2. Specific objectives ................................................................................................................ 5 1.4. Basic research Questions .............................................................................. 5 1.5. Significance of the study ............................................................................... 5 1.6. The scope and limitation of the study ............................................................ 6 1.6.1. The scope