EM 200-1-19 31 December 2013 Environmental Quality IN-SITU AIR SPARGING ENGINEER MANUAL AVAILABILITY Electronic copies of this and other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) publications are available on the Internet at http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/ This site is the only repository for all official USACE regulations, circulars, manuals, and other documents originating from HQUSACE. Publications are provided in portable document format (PDF). This document is intended solely as guidance. The statutory provisions and promulgated regulations described in this document contain legally binding requirements. This document is not a legally enforceable regulation itself, nor does it alter or substitute for those legal provisions and regulations it describes. Thus, it does not impose any legally binding requirements. This guidance does not confer legal rights or impose legal obligations upon any member of the public. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this document, the obligations of the regulated community are determined by statutes, regulations, or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this document and any applicable statute or regulation, this document would not be controlling. This document may not apply to a particular situation based upon site- specific circumstances. USACE retains the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from those described in this guidance where appropriate and legally consistent. This document may be revised periodically without public notice. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 200-1-19 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CEMP-CE Washington, D.C. 20314-1000 Manual No. 200-1-19 31 December 20 13 Environmental Quality IN-SITU AIR SPARGING 1. Purpose. The primary purpose of this Engineer Manual (EM) is to provide guidance for evaluation of the feasibility of in-situ air sparging (lAS) for remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil. A secondary purpose is to design and operational considerations for lAS systems. The foundation of Corps of Engineers environmental work is the Environmental Operating Principles as specified in ER 200-1-5. These seven tenets serve as guides and must be applied in all Corps business lines as we strive to achieve a sustainable environment. 2. Applicability. This EM applies to all USACE commands having Civil Works and/or Military Programs hazardous, toxic, or radioactive waste (HTR W) project responsibilities. 3. Distribution Statement. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. 4. Discussion. lAS is now an established remediation technology. This manual provides the information needed to help assure the appropriate applicability ofthis technology. Designers and decision makers should use this manual to help them determine the necessary site characterization infotmation needed, and to use that information to evaluate the potential effectiveness of lAS on their sites. The design and operational considerations discussed herein should be used as a guide for designers and reviewers. This revision to the manual addresses recent developments in the technology since 1997. Designers are encouraged to use the resources provided in this manual to monitor new developments in the design and operational aspects of lAS systems. FOR THE COMMANDER: 3 Appendices R. MARK TOY, P.E. App A - References Colonel, Corps of Engi App B - Henry's Law Constants Chief of Staff App C - Air Velocity Measurement This manual supersedes EM 1110-1-4005, dated 31 January 2008 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 200-1-19 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 CEMP-CE Manual No. 200-1-19 31 December 2013 Environmental Quality IN-SITU AIR SPARGING TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page Chapter 1. Introduction Purpose ........................................................................................................1-1 1-1 Applicability................................................................................................1-2 1-1 Distribution Statement ................................................................................1-3 1-1 References ...................................................................................................1-4 1-1 Background .................................................................................................1-5 1-2 Scope ...........................................................................................................1-6 1-3 Organization ................................................................................................1-7 1-4 Resources ....................................................................................................1-8 1-4 Chapter 2. Technology Description and Underlying Physical Process Introduction .................................................................................................2-1 2-1 Overview of Air Sparging ...........................................................................2-2 2-1 Air Sparging Technology Options ..............................................................2-3 2-3 Related Technologies ..................................................................................2-4 2-5 Summary of Physical Processes ..................................................................2-5 2-6 Components of Injection Pressure ..............................................................2-6 2-11 Groundwater Mixing ...................................................................................2-7 2-16 Associated Technical Issues ........................................................................2-8 2-19 Technology Assessment: Effectiveness and Limitations ...........................2-9 2-21 Technology Status ..................................................................................... 2-10 2-22 Conditions Amenable to IAS .................................................................... 2-11 2-23 Success Criteria ......................................................................................... 2-12 2-23 IAS Models ............................................................................................... 2-13 2-24 Chapter 3. Site Characterization and Feasibility Evaluations Introduction .................................................................................................3-1 3-1 Technology Screening Strategy...................................................................3-2 3-1 Pre-Design Data Collection Requirements .................................................3-3 3-3 Feasibility Studies .......................................................................................3-4 3-21 i EM 200-1-19 31 Dec 13 Paragraph Page Chapter 4. Pilot Tests Introduction .................................................................................................4-1 4-1 Pilot Testing Strategy ..................................................................................4-2 4-1 Pilot Testing Guidance ................................................................................4-3 4-3 Chapter 5. Design Considerations for Air Sparging Systems Introduction .................................................................................................5-1 5-1 Design Strategy ...........................................................................................5-2 5-1 Design Guidance—Subsurface ...................................................................5-3 5-4 Subsurface Construction .............................................................................5-4 5-10 Manifold and Instrumentation Design ........................................................5-5 5-16 Air Delivery Equipment Design..................................................................5-6 5-23 Power Distribution and Controls ................................................................5-7 5-26 System Appurtenances ................................................................................5-8 5-28 Design Documents ......................................................................................5-9 5-30 Chapter 6. System Construction, Operation, and Maintenance Introduction .................................................................................................6-1 6-1 Construction Oversight ...............................................................................6-2 6-1 Operation and Maintenance Strategy ..........................................................6-3 6-1 Operation and Maintenance Guidance—Below Grade Components ..........6-4 6-2 Operation and Maintenance Guidance—Precommissioning and Start-up..6-5 6-5 IAS System Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring ................................6-6 6-5 Chapter 7. System Shutdown and Confirmation of Cleanup Introduction .................................................................................................7-1 7-1 Shutdown Strategy ......................................................................................7-2 7-1 Shutdown Guidance ....................................................................................7-3 7-4 Chapter 8. Other Issues Introduction .................................................................................................8-1 8-1 Legal and Regulatory Issues........................................................................8-2 8-1 Patent Issues ................................................................................................8-3 8-2 Safety ..........................................................................................................8-4