Personalization of Interactive Multimedia Services: A Research and Development Perspective Edited by José Juan Pazos Arias, Carlos Delgado Kloos and Martín López Nores Contents 1 Preface : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3 Part I Legal and Technological Foundations 2 Legal Framework for Personalization-Based Business Models Teresa Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9 3 Technological Platforms, Convergence and Adaptation of Interactive Contents Fabio Paternò : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 23 4 Filtering Techniques for Selection of Contents and Products Qing Li, Yuanzhu Peter Chen, Zhangxi Lin: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 41 5 Personalization and Contextualization of Media Marcus Specht, Andreas Zimmermann and Tim de Jong : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 55 6 Contextualized Recommender Systems: Data Model and Recommendation Process Wolfgang Woerndl and Johann Schlichter : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 65 7 Enhanced Media Descriptions for the Automatic Adaptation of Audiovisual Content Retrieval Iván Cantador, Fernando López, Jesús Bescós, Pablo Castells, and José M. Martínez : : : : : : : : 77 8 A Semantics-Based Approach Beyond Traditional Personalization Paradigms Yolanda Blanco-Fernández, Alberto Gil-Solla and Manuel Ramos-Cabrer: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 89 Part II Applications 9 PROGNOSIS: An Adaptive System for Virtual Technical Documentation Nikolaos Lagos and Rossitza M. Setchi : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 105 Contents 1 10 Investigating the Applicability of Content-Based Filtering on Digital Television Advertisements George Lekakos : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 119 11 The Role of Communities in E-Commerce Rodolfo Carpintier Santana : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 129 12 Personalized Education Rosa M. Carro, Estefanía Martín : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 135 13 New Trends for Personalised T-Learning Marta Rey-López, Ana Fernández-Vilas, Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 149 14 M-Learning: Personalized and Pervasive Education Anytime, Anywhere and for Everybody Mario Muñoz Organero, Elena Yndurain, Carlos Delgado Kloos : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 163 15 Self-Adaptive Portals: E-Government Case Study Ljiljana Stojanovic and Nenad Stojanovic : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 183 16 Use Cases and Challenges of Personalized Healthcare Mikhail Simonov : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 197 17 Context-Aware Personalization for Services in the Smart Home: A Semantic Approach for OSGi services Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo, Ana Fernández-Vilas, Manuel Ramos-Cabrer : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 207 18 New Perspectives to Lifecycle Management of Context-Aware and Personalised Services Bharat Bhushan, Stephan Steglich, Christian Räck and Bernd Mrohs : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 223 19 The Role of Service Discovery in Context-Aware, Pervasive Computing Applications Carlos García-Rubio and Celeste Campo : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 233 20 Personalizing Pedestrian Location Services through Ontologies and Rules Vassileios Tsetsos, Vassilis Papataxiarhis and Stathes Hadjiefthymiades : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 245 Part III Open Problems and Current Research Trends 21 Conclusions and Future Trends José Juan Pazos Arias, Carlos Delgado Kloos and Martín López Nores : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 259 1 Preface During the last few years, we have witnessed the deployment of new digital communication tech- nologies such as satellite, terrestrial or cable forms of Digital TV broadcasting, 3G mobile networks, xDSL, domotic networks, WiMax, ..., which make up a wealthy scenario that will be further en- hanced with the ongoing developments of TV broadcasting networks for mobile devices through standards like DVB-H in Europe, DMB in South Korea or MediaFLO in North America. In this new scenario, the users can benefit from an ever growing bandwidth at lower pricer, which promotes the development of new communication services. We may say that we are living a process similar to what has been happening with informatic equipment, characterized by a progressive increase of memory and computational power at decreasing cost, which favored the access to computers to mas- sive sectors of society. By means of diverse initiatives, public administrations are striving to exploit this situation of unnegligible advantages and opportunities, pursuing the goal of achieving universal and ubiquitous access to the Information Society, thus reducing the effects of the digital divide that draws a clear distinction between those who make frequent use of the information and communica- tion technologies and those who do not know these technologies or find severe difficulties in their use. >From these facts, it would be expectable to see a rapid penetration of technology in many differ- ent domains of applications, including entertainment, news, education and training, administration, electronic commerce, healthcare, etc. Certainly, the offerings have augmented much, with a clear example in the number of TV channels that can be already received in homes. However, the pene- tration of information services has been noticeably much slower than expected, which is mainly due to the problem of information overload: frequently, the users are faces with such an overwhelming amount of information that it is very difficult for them to make decisions or remain informed about a given topic. This poses enormous challenges not only to the users themselves, but also to the market forces that would expect to get revenues from the contents and services they develop, because their presence is quickly diluted in a vast disorganized amount of pieces of information and services of a similar nature. A similar situation started to be noticeable during the mid 1990s with the exponential growth of the Internet, that made the users fell disoriented among the myriad of web contents available through their PCs. This context gave birth to a set of tools commonly referred to as search engines (e.g. Google and Yahoo), that would retrieve relevant web pages in response to user-entered queries. That model proved effective and successful, with millions of people using them to find pieces of in- formation and services in the World Wide Web. However, the advent of new access devices different from the PC (DTV set-top boxes, mobile and smart phones, PDAs, media players, car navigators, etc) introduces a new range of consumption habits and usage contexts that render the search engine 4 paradigm insufficient. In this broader picture, it is no longer realistic to think that the users will bother to purposefully visit a given site, enter a query with the details of what they want, and then select the contents they might be interested in from among those in a list. The reasons may have to do with the users adopting an inactive or predominantly passive role (e.g. while driving or watching TV in the living room); the devices providing no accessible means to enter text (as it happens with remote controls); only a downstream communication channel being available (as in broadcasting environments); or users feeling uneasy with the interfaces provided. To tackle these issues, a large body of research is being devoted nowadays to the design and provision of personalized information services, with a new paradigm of recommender systems proactively selecting the particular pieces of information and functionality that match the preferences, interests and needs of each individual user at any given moment. In this book, we have gathered contributions of experts from academia and industry worldwide, in order to provide a research and development perspective on personalized information services, to help the reader understand their goals, the major steps of their evolution, the functionalities they can deliver to the users and the main challenges they still face. The contributed chapter have been arranged into three parts: • Part I is devoted to presenting the legal and technological foundations involved with the devel- opment of personalized information services. – To begin with, it is noticeable that personalization is typically opposed to privacy, since its effectiveness depends on accumulating information about the users, while there is a body of legislation to restrict the management of personal information by commercial or admin- istrative entities. In Chapter 2, Teresa Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell provides an in-depth (though accessible) discussion of the most significant legal issues arising from personal- ization strategies, together with a description of personalization-based business models and legal mechanisms to implement