Lake status records from China: Data Base Documentation G. Yu 1,2, S.P. Harrison 1, and B. Xue 2 1 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany 2 Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nanjing 210008, China MPI-BGC Tech Rep 4: Yu, Harrison and Xue, 2001 ii MPI-BGC Tech Rep 4: Yu, Harrison and Xue, 2001 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ iii 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 1.1. Lakes as Indicators of Past Climate Changes........................................................1 1.2. Chinese Lakes as Indicators of Asian Monsoonal Climate Changes ....................1 1.3. Previous Work on Palaeohydrological Changes in China.....................................3 1.4. Data and Methods .................................................................................................6 1.4.1. The Data Set..................................................................................................6 1.4.2. Sources of Evidence for Changes in Lake Status..........................................7 1.4.3. Standardisation: Lake Status Coding ..........................................................11 1.4.4. Chronology and Dating Control..................................................................11 1.5. Structure of this Report .......................................................................................13 1.6. Acknowledgements .............................................................................................13 1.7. References to Introduction ..................................................................................14 2. The Structure of the Data Base ...............................................................................18 2.1. Content and Format of the Documentation Files ................................................18 2.1.1. CHLAKE.DOC ...........................................................................................18 2.1.2. CHREFS.DOC ............................................................................................18 2.2. Content and Format of the Data Base Summary Files ........................................18 2.2.1. CHDATA.XLS............................................................................................18 2.2.2. CHSTATUS.XLS........................................................................................19 2.2.3. CHCOLSTA.XLS .......................................................................................19 2.2.4. CHDC.XLS .................................................................................................19 2.2.5. CHDATLST.XLS .......................................................................................19 3. Lake Status Records from China.............................................................................21 3.1. Baijian Lake, Gansu Province.............................................................................22 3.2. Nancun, Guangxi Province .................................................................................30 3.3. Ningjingbo, Hebei Province................................................................................33 3.4. Xingkai Lake (Khanka Lake), Heilongjiang Province ........................................37 3.5. Longquanhu, Hubei Province..............................................................................40 3.6. Baisuhai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region..................................................43 3.7. Chagannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ..............................................46 3.8. Erjichuoer, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region...............................................50 3.9. Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.............................................52 3.10. Jilantai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ................................................57 3.11. Xidadianzi, Jiling Province .............................................................................60 3.12. Chaerhan Salt Lake, Qinghai Province ...........................................................62 3.13. Dachaidan-Xiaochaidan Salt Lakes, Qinghai Province...................................69 3.14. Gounongcuo, Qinghai Province ......................................................................74 3.15. Wulanwula Lake, Qinghai Province ...............................................................78 3.16. Salawusu Palaeolake, Shaanxi Province.........................................................82 3.17. Shayema Lake, Sichuan Province ...................................................................87 3.18. Big Ghost Lake, Taiwan..................................................................................90 3.19. Chitsai Lake, Taiwan.......................................................................................93 3.20. Toushe Lake, Taiwan ......................................................................................95 3.21. Aiding Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region.................................................100 3.22. Aqigekule Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region ...........................................104 3.23. Ashikule Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region .............................................107 iii MPI-BGC Tech Rep 4: Yu, Harrison and Xue, 2001 3.24. Balikun Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region............................................... 111 3.25. Beilikekule Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region......................................... 120 3.26. Chaiwopu Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region........................................... 124 3.27. Lop Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region.................................................... 132 3.28. Manasi Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region ............................................... 137 3.29. Wulukekule Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region........................................ 146 3.30. Xiaoshazi Lake, Xinjiang Autonomous Region ........................................... 149 3.31. Akesaiqin Lake, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region ................................. 152 3.32. Bangge Lake, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region ..................................... 157 3.33. Bangongcuo, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region ...................................... 162 3.34. Cuona Lake (CoNag Lake) , Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region .............. 170 3.35. Hongshanhu Lake, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region ............................. 175 3.36. North Tianshuihai Lake, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region .................... 178 3.37. Zabuye Lake, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region...................................... 183 3.38. Zhacang Caka, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region.................................... 191 3.39. Zigetangcuo, Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region....................................... 196 3.40. Erhai, Yunnan Province................................................................................ 199 3.41. Fuxian and Xingyun Lakes, Yunnan Province ............................................. 206 3.42. Manxing Lake, Yunnan Province................................................................. 211 4. Data Base References ........................................................................................... 214 5. Appendix A: The Chinese Data Base ................................................................... 222 A1. CHDATA: Lake information..................................................................... 222 A2. CHSTATUS: Lake status coding............................................................... 225 A3. CHCOLSTA: Lake status collapsed coding .............................................. 228 A4. CHDC: Dating control............................................................................... 230 6. Appendix B: Maps of Lake Status During the Late Quaternary in China ............ 239 B1. Site map ..................................................................................................... 239 B2. Lake-Status maps from 18 to 0 ka B.P....................................................... 240 iv MPI-BGC Tech Rep 4: Yu, Harrison and Xue, 2001 1. Introduction This report documents reconstructions of long-term changes in lake status from 42 lakes from China. The present version of the Chinese Lake Status Data Base (CLSDB.1, February 2001) is part of an ongoing international effort to produce a new global lake data base (Kohfeld and Harrison, 2000) designed to be used to validate climate models. The structure of the CLSDB therefore parallels other regional data bases that have been or are being compiled under the auspices of this international effort, such as the European Lake Status Data Base (Yu and Harrison, 1995), the FSU and Mongolia Lake Status Data Base (Tarasov et al., 1994; 1996), the North American Lake Status Data Base (Harrison et al., subm.) and the North African Lake Status Data Base (Hoelzmann et al., in prep). 1.1. Lakes as Indicators of Past Climate Changes Lakes respond to changes in the local water budget (precipitation minus evaporation over the lake surface and its catchment) by changing in depth and area. On a Late Quaternary time scale, lake status (a qualitative index of changes in lake level, area or relative water depth) is in equilibrium with the changing climate (Street-Perrott and Harrison, 1985; Harrison and Digerfeldt, 1993; Cheddadi et al., 1996; Harrison