Meghalaya Integrated Transport Project (MITP) Funded by the World Bank Environmental and Social Management Framework Meghalaya Infrastructure Development & Finance Public Works Department Corporation Ltd (MIDFC) Government of Meghalaya Government of Meghalaya Lachumiere, Shillong – 793001 Nongrim Hills, Shillong-793003, Meghalaya Meghalaya Meghalaya Integrated Trasport Project (MITP) Funded by the World Bank Environmental and Social Management Framework Meghalaya Infrastructure Development & Finance Public Works Department Corporation Ltd (MIDFC) Government of Meghalaya Government of Meghalaya Lachumiere, Shillong – 793001 Nongrim Hills, Shillong-793003, Meghalaya Meghalaya Contents Abbreviation ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Background to the Project ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Project Development Objective ........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Project Components .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Environmental & Social Categorization of MITP ............................................................................... 4 1.5 Purpose and Objectives of the ESMF ................................................................................................ 4 1.7 Methodology of ESMF Development ................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2: Baseline Assessment ................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Overview of Meghalaya .................................................................................................................... 7 Environmental and Climate Assessment ........................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Physical Features ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Landscape and Topography 7 2.2.2 Seasons and Rainfall 8 2.2.3 Temperature 9 2.3 Land ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Geology ........................................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Soil ................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.5.1 Soil and Drainage Property 12 2.6 Forests ............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.6.1 Protected Areas 14 2.6.2 Biodiversity 14 2.6.3 Important Bird Areas 15 2.6.4 Elephant Corridor 17 2.6.5 Endangered and Threatened Species 19 2.6.6 Protected Archaeological and Historic Sites 19 2.6.7 Sacred Groves 19 2.7 Water Resources ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.7.1 Key Issues Affecting Water Availability and Quality 22 2.8 Ecological Profile of the Project area .............................................................................................. 23 2.9 Vulnerability to Climate Change ..................................................................................................... 23 Socio-Economic Assessment ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.10 Demography .................................................................................................................................... 24 2.11 Tribes of Meghalaya ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.12 Religion ............................................................................................................................................ 26 2.13 Education Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 26 2.14 Literacy Level ................................................................................................................................... 27 2.15 Health .............................................................................................................................................. 27 2.16 Livelihood: ....................................................................................................................................... 28 2.17 Status of Women ............................................................................................................................. 30 2.17.1 Gender work participation rate 31 2.17.2 Gender differentiated work 31 Chapter 3: APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS ........................................................... 33 3.1 Key Policies and Government Programs ......................................................................................... 33 3.2 Environmental Laws and Regulations ............................................................................................. 34 3.3 Social Laws and Regulations ............................................................................................................ 39 3.3.1 RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 43 3.3.2 Village Employment Council 51 3.3.3 Applicable Labor Laws 51 3.4 Traditional Norms for Land Management in Meghalaya .............................................................. 52 3.4.1 Mapping of Practices of Benefit Sharing, Ownership, Management -Land 52 3.5 World Bank Safeguard Policies........................................................................................................ 58 3.5.1 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines 60 Chapter 4: Environmental and Social Management Framework ............................................................. 62 4.1 Purpose and Objectives of Environment Management Framework .............................................. 62 4.2 Key Contents of the Environment Management Framework ......................................................... 62 4.3 Application of ESMF ........................................................................................................................ 63 4.3.1 Revision/Modification of the ESMF 64 4.4 Procedure for screening of project activities .................................................................................. 64 4.4.1. Details of the Screening Process 64 4.5 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) ..................................................................... 68 4.6 Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) ................................................................... 68 Chapter 5: Anticiapted Impacts and Mitigation Strategy ........................................................................ 71 5.1 Preliminary Environment and Social Impact Screening .................................................................. 71 5.1.1 Positive Impacts/Project’s Benefits 72 5.1.2 Anticipted Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Strategy 72 5.2 Unacceptable of Environmental Impacts ........................................................................................ 78 Chapter: 6 Resettlement Policy Framework ............................................................................................. 80 6.1 Some Common Definitions ............................................................................................................. 82 6.2 Process for RAP Preparation ........................................................................................................... 83 6.2.1 Rural Roads: 83 6.2.2 Other Roads: 83 6.2.3 Details of the Screening Process 83 6.2.4 Social Impact Assessment 86 6.3 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan ................................................................................. 86 6.4 Entitlement Matrix for PAPs/ PAFs ................................................................................................. 89 Chapter 7: Tribal People’s Development Framework ............................................................................... 93 7.1 Tribes of Meghalaya ........................................................................................................................ 93 7.1.1 Khasi and Jaintia Tribes 93 7.1.2 Garo 94 7.2 Objective of TPDF ............................................................................................................................ 94 7.3 Process for preparation of TPP ....................................................................................................... 95 7.4 Tribal Inclusion Approach ................................................................................................................ 97 7.4.1 Gender Issues among Tribes 98 7.5 Entitlement .....................................................................................................................................