See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297403818 INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) [Concepts and Application] Book · June 2014 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1802.7289 CITATIONS READS 0 60,513 1 author: Yekini Nureni Yaba College of Technology 52 PUBLICATIONS 73 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: TRACKING SYSTEM View project NETWORK SECURITY View project All content following this page was uploaded by Yekini Nureni on 08 March 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) [Concepts and Application] Self-Directed & Collaborative Learning Approach Volume I By Yekini Nureni Asafe Department of Computer Technology Yaba College of Technology Page i of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Copyright © 2014 by Yekini Nureni Asafe Printed & Typesetting @ Yeknua ICT & Educational Research- Publication Centre No 07, Christ Possibility Street, Sango-Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright holder. ISBN: Published in Nigeria by: Hasfem Publication Center Shomolu, Lagos, Nigeria. Tel: 08023663124, 07038501188 Page ii of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Foreword Information Technology Communication is defined as the convergence of audio-visual, telephone and computer networks through a link system. It is a combination of all these elements, capped by a vision on how technology can help an organization to reach its goals. The book provides basic theoretical and practical information on some aspects of Information Communication Technology, data processing and windows operating system, and their applications. This book has been written in a simple language that will be easily comprehended by readers and users of the book. Students and teachers of computer science at Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education and Allied Institution will find the book useful and enlightening. The book is widespread, while the foundation is based on Information Technology. One important strength of the book is very wide applications of principles of data processing techniques. The author is congratulated for such a thorough work. Oyeranmi Adigun Dean School of Technology Yaba College of Technology Yaba, Lagos Nigeria Page iii of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Preface The objective of this book is to introduce students of Accountancy & Finance, Business Administration, Marketing, Banking & Finance, and Office Technology Management of Nigeria Polytechnics and Colleges of Technology to modern Information Communication Technology (ICT), Data Processing and Its Applications. This book provides basic theoretical and practical information on some aspects of Information Communication Technology (ICT), Data Processing and Its Application for the departments mentioned. The contents of this book are not in contradiction to Curriculum and Course Specification produced by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) UNESCO – Nigeria Project. The book will be very useful for the readers of different categories undergraduate students of University, Polytechnics, Colleges of Education and Allied institutions in areas of computer science, management science and other related disciplines. The book can also be used as course material for introduction to computer course in other departments. There is no doubt that this book will be very useful to all categories of readers. In case of any positive contrary or suggestion for improvement in the next edition of this book you may call 08094204341 or e-mail [email protected]. You can visit www.engryekini.com for more detail. Yekini N.A. 2014 Page iv of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Instruction for the Users of This Book The users refer to in this page are Students, Instructors and Lecturers. The Curriculum and Course Specifications varies from one Department to another, as a result users are advised to use Curriculum and Course Specifications for their course as reference guide to usage of this book as an instructional material for Information Communication Technology (ICT), Data Processing and Its Application in school of management and business studies of Nigeria polytechnics or colleges of technology. This book is specifically written and covered the syllabus for Information Communication Technology (ICT), Data Processing and Its Application in school of management and business studies, Nigeria polytechnics and colleges of technology, but it is usage is not limited to that, it can also be used as instructional material for introduction to computer, computer application in other departments. However the users are advised to go through the syllabus for the courses he or she is taking before start using this book. Thank you Page v of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Acknowledgement First of all I am very grateful to Allah (SWT) for his mercy and wisdom bestow on me to write this book. This book evolved from my experiences in teaching and research in Computer Science and Technology and also as ICT service lecturers to some departments in the school of management and business studies of Yaba College of Technology. There are some individuals that contributed to the success of the research that gave birth to this book. I acknowledged all the staff of Department of Computer Technology; they are all wonderful to me during the process of compiling this book. I acknowledge the contribution of the management of Yaba College of Technology for providing enabling environment for research and publication in the college. I also acknowledged members‘ of staff of Yeknua ICT & Educational Research-Publication Center. I also acknowledged the contribution of my past students from the department of accountancy, business administration, and office technology and computer department of Yaba College of technology. Finally, I acknowledged the contribution of my wife and children. Their prayer and endurance has made this project a reality. Thank you. Page vi of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) THIS BOOK BELONGS TO NAME: ________________________________________ SCHOOL: _____________________________________ DEPARTMENT: ________________________________ SIGNATURE: __________________________________ DATE: _________________________________________ Page vii of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Copyright i Preface iii Foreword iv Instruction Users v Acknowledgement vi Ownership vii Chapter One 010-016 Concept of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Chapter Two 017-038 Introduction to Computer System Chapter Three 039-058 Computer Evolution Chapter Four 059-079 Computer Hardware System Chapter Five 080-091 Computer Software Chapter Six 092-101 Computer Operation Chapter Seven 102-110 Computer Data Processing Techniques Page viii of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Chapter Eight 111-118 Computer Data Management Chapter Nine 119-132 Data Communication and Computer Network Chapter Ten 133-206 Accessing Computer System through Windows Operating System Chapter Eleven 207-261 Word Processing Packages General Questions 262-282 Bibliography 283-285 Index 286-288 Page ix of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Chapter One Concept of Information Communication Technology 1.1 Information Communication Technology Versus Information System information and Communications Technology or (ICT), is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified I communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The term ICT is now also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. The term Infocommunications is used in some cases as a shorter form of information and communication(s) technology. In fact Infocommunications is the expansion of telecommunications with information processing and content handling functions on a common digital technology base. Page 10 of 288 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services. In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology