Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site Page # Acronyms List of Tables List of Figures Acknowledgement Executive Summary ---------------------------------------------SECTION 1--------------------------------------------- 1 – Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Sites--------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.2 Objectives of the Studies--------------------------------------------------------------- 14 1.3 Literature Review------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 -------------------------------------------- SECTION 2--------------------------------------------- 2 - Material and Methods 2.1 Natural vegetation assessment-------------------------------------------------------26 2.2 Large mammals assessment--------------------------------------------------------- 28 2.3 Small mammals survey--------------------------------------------------------------- 29 2.4 Reptilian study---------------------------------------------------------------------------30 2.5 Ichthyologic survey-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 2.6 Avi-fauna survey----------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 2.7 Limnological study--------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 ------------------------------------------- SECTION 3--------------------------------------------- 3 – Findings 3.1 Keti Bunder---------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 3.1.1 Natural Vegetation Assessment------------------------------------- 43 Dr. Ghulam Akbar 3.1.2 Large Mammals Assessment---------------------------------------- 57 Syed Ali Hasnain 3.1.3 Small Mammals Survey----------------------------------------------- 63 Mohammad Rafique Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site 3.1.4 Reptilian Study----------------------------------------------------------69 Dr. Hafizur Rahman 3.1.5 Ichthyological Survey--------------------------------------------------- 75 Mohammad Rafique 3.1.6 Avi Fauna Survey------------------------------------------------------ 89 Jahangir Durranee and Rab Nawaz 3.1.7 Limnological Studies----------------------------------------------------93 Rahat Najam 3.2 Kinjhar Lake---------------------------------------------------------------------103 3.2.1 Natural Vegetation Assessment---------------------- --------------105 Dr. Ghulam Akbar 3.2.2 Large Mammals Assessment---------------------------------- -----127 Syed Ali Hasnain 3.2.3 Small Mammals Survey---------------------------------------- ----131 Mohammad Rafique 3.2.4 Reptilian Study------------------------------------------------- -------137 Dr. Hafizur Rahman 3.2.5 Ichthyological Survey--------------------------------------------------143 Mohammad Rafique 3.2.6 Avi Fauna Survey-----------------------------------------------------149 Jahangir Durranee and Rab Nawaz 3.2.7 Limnological Studies-------------------------------------------------------157 Rahat Najam 3.3 Chotiari Reservoir-------------------------------------------------------------171 3.3.1 Natural Vegetation Assessment-------------------------------------173 Dr. Ghulam Akbar 3.3.2 Large Mammals Assessment----------------------------------------197 Syed Ali Hasnain 3.3.3 Small Mammals Survey---------------------------------------------- 207 Mohammad Rafique 3.3.4 Reptilian Study---------------------------------------------------------219 Dr. Hafizur Rahman 3.3.5 Ichthyological Survey------------------------------------------------ 231 Mohammad Rafique Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site 3.3.6 Avi Fauna Survey-----------------------------------------------------235 Jahangir Durranee and Rab Nawaz 3.3.7 Limnological Studies--------------------------------------------------241 Rahat Najam 3.4 Pai Forest:-----------------------------------------------------------------------255 3..4.1 Natural Vegetation Assessment------------------------------------257 Dr. Ghulam Akbar 3.4.2 Large Mammals Assessment---------------------------------------265 Syed Ali Hasnain and Waseem Ahmed Khan 3.4.3 Reptilian Study--------------------------------------------------------275 Dr. Hafizur Rahman 3.4.4 Avi Fauna Survey-----------------------------------------------------279 Jahangir Durranee and Rab Nawaz -------------------------------------------SECTION 4----------------------------------------------- 4 – Issues / Threats 4.1 Keti Bunder-----------------------------------------------------------------------285 4.2 Kinjhar Lake----------------------------------------------------------------------292 4.3 Chotiari Reservoir---------------------------------------------------------------295 4.4 Pai Forest-------------------------------------------------------------------------296 --------------------------------------------SECTION 5---------------------------------------------- 5 – Recommendations 5.1 Keti Bunder-----------------------------------------------------------------------303 5.2 Kinjhar Lake----------------------------------------------------------------------306 5.3 Chotiari Reservoir---------------------------------------------------------------309 5.4 Pai Forest-------------------------------------------------------------------------312 6- References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------315 7- Annexure-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------337 Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site AKPBS Aga Khan Planning & Building Services AU Animal Unit BDL Below Detection Limit BOD Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna & Flora COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DMY Dry Matter Yield EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan GIS Global Information System GPS Global Positioning System HANDS Health and Nutrition Development Society HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography IDER Indus Delta Ecoregion IFAP Indus for All Programme IUCN International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources I.V. Importance Value K.B. Kalri Baghar Kg/ha Kilo grammes per Hectare LBOD Left Bank Outfall Drain NEQs National Environmental Qualities NGO Non Governmental Organisation PUF Proper Use Factor RBOD Right Bank Outfall Drain R.C. Relative Cover R.D. Relative Density R.F. Relative Frequency SDR Summed Dominant Ratio I Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site STDP Sindh Tourism Development Corporation TCC Total Coliforms Count TFC Total Faecal Coliforms Count TFS Total Faecal Streptococci TSS Total Suspended Solids WHO World Health Organisation WWF World Wide Fund for Nature II Preliminary Environmental Baseline Study of the Indus for All Programme Site Table # Title Page # 1 Comparison of Fishermen population and Fish Production 6 2 State of terrestrial vegetation in Indus Delta 18 3 Floral Composition of Indus Delta in 1929 (Blatter et al. 1929) 18 4 Phytosociological Parameters of T1 at Keti Bunder 45 5 Phytosociological Parameters of T2 at Keti Bunder 46 6 Phytosociological Parameters of T3 at Keti Bunder 47 7 Phytosociological Parameters of T4 at Keti Bunder 48 8 Phytosociological Parameters of T5 at Keti Bunder 48 9 Phytosociological Parameters of T6 at Keti Bunder 49 10 Phytosociological Parameters of T7 at Keti Bunder 50 11 Summary of Plant Communities, Associated species and forage production in 51 Keti Bunder 12 Plant species recorded at Keti Bunder 53 13 Carrying Capacity of Keti Bunder Transect Sites 54 14 TWINSPAN Analysis - Keti Bunder 55 15 Similarity Index and β-diversity of study site 56 16 List of Large Mammals recorded at Keti Bunder 61 17 Checklist of Small Mammals found in the Keti Bunder Area 66 18 Checklist of Reptilian and Amphibian Fauna of Keti Bunder 71 19 Annual catch of the Palla fish, Tenuolosa ilisha in coastal areas of Sindh 76 20 List of Fin fish species recorded from Keti Bunder 78 21 List of Shell fish species recorded from Keti Bunder 87 22 List of Birds recorded from Keti Bunder 90 23 Physical Chemical Parameter Analysis at Keti Bunder 94 23A Pesticide Analysis 95 23B Pesticide Analysis 95 24 Checklist of Phytoplankton recorded at Keti Bunder 96 25 Checklist of Zooplankton recorded at Keti Bunder 98 26 Checklist of Macrofauna and Meiofauna recorded at Keti Bunder 99 27 Phytoplankton diversity indices at Keti Bunder. 102 28 Zooplankton diversity indices at Keti Bunder. 102 29 Phytosociological Parameters of T1 at Kinjhar Lake 107 30 Phytosociological Parameters of T2 at Kinjhar Lake 108 31 Phytosociological Parameters of T3 at Kinjhar Lake 109 32 Phytosociological Parameters of T4 at Kinjhar Lake 110 33 Phytosociological Parameters of T5 at Kinjhar Lake 111 34 Phytosociological Parameters of T6 at Kinjhar Lake 112 35 Phytosociological Parameters of T7 at Kinjhar Lake 113 36 Phytosociological Parameters of T8 at Kinjhar Lake 114 37 Phytosociological Parameters of T9 at Kinjhar Lake 114 38 Summary of Plant Communities, Associated species and forage production in 116 Kinjhar Lake 39 Flora of Kinjhar 120 40 Forage Dry Matter Yield and Carrying Capacity of Kinjhar Lake