00-Suez-Blurb(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:27 PM Page 1 British Documents on the End of Empire Project Volumes Published and Forthcoming Series A General Volumes Series B Country Volumes Vol 1 Imperial Policy and Vol 1 Ghana (in two parts, 1992) Colonial Practice Vol 2 Sri Lanka (in two parts, 1997) 1925–1945 (in two parts, 1996) Vol 3 Malaya (in three parts, 1995) Vol 2 The Labour Government and Vol 4 Egypt and the Defence of the the End of Empire 1945–1951 Middle East (in three parts, 1998) (in four parts, 1992) Vol 5 Sudan (in two parts, 1998) Vol 3 The Conservative Government Vol 6 The West Indies (in one part, and the End of Empire 1999) 1951–1957 (in three parts, 1994) Vol 7 Nigeria (in two parts, 2001) Vol 4 The Conservative Government Vol 8 Malaysia (in one part, 2004) and the End of Empire 1957–1964 (in two parts, 2000) Vol 5 East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964–1971 (in three parts, 2004) ● Series A is complete. Further country volumes in series B are in preparation on Kenya, Central Africa, Southern Africa, the Pacific (Fiji), and the Mediterranean (Cyprus and Malta). The Volume Editors S R ASHTON is Senior Research Fellow and General Editor of the British Documents on the End of Empire Project, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London. With S E Stockwell he edited Imperial Policy and Colonial Practice 1925–1945 (BDEEP, 1996), and with David Killingray The West Indies (BDEEP, 1999). Wm ROGER LOUIS is Kerr Professor of English History and Culture and Distinguished Teaching Professor, University of Texas at Austin, USA, and an Honorary Fellow of St Antony’s, Oxford. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Oxford History of the British Empire (5 volumes, 1998–1999), and with Ronald Hyam he edited The Conservative Government and the End of Empire 1957–1964 (BDEEP, 2000). 01-Suez-Prelims(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:28 PM Page i East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964–1971 01-Suez-Prelims(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:28 PM Page ii The British Documents on the End of Empire Project gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance of the Arts and Humanities Research Board. The Project has been undertaken under the auspices of the British Academy. 01-Suez-Prelims(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:28 PM Page iii BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON THE END OF EMPIRE General Editor S R Ashton Project Chairman A N Porter Series A Volume 5 East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964–1971 Editors S R ASHTON Wm ROGER LOUIS Part II EUROPE, RHODESIA, COMMONWEALTH Published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in the University of London LONDON: TSO 01-Suez-Prelims(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:28 PM Page iv First published 2004 © The Stationery Office 2004 Introduction © S R Ashton and Wm Roger Louis, 2004 Documents from The National Archives © Crown copyright Crown copyright material used by permission of The National Archives under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the Publishers Applications for reproduction of government documents in this work should be addressed to the Copyright Officer, The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU Applications for reproduction of any other part of this work should be addressed to the publisher: The Stationery Office, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1PD ISBN 0 11 290583 8 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library If you wish to receive future volumes from the British Documents on the End of Empire project, please write to TSO, Standing Order Department, PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, NORWICH NR3 1GN, or telephone on 0870 600 5522, quoting classification reference numbers 04 03 017 and 04 03 018 Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from: Online www.tso.co.uk/bookshop Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522 Fax orders 0870 600 5533 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone 0870 240 3701 TSO Shops 123 Kingsway, London WC2B 6PQ 020 7242 6393 Fax 020 7242 6394 68–69 Bull Street, Birmingham B4 6AD 0121 236 9696 Fax 0121 236 9699 9–21 Princess Street, Manchester M60 8AS 0161 834 7201 Fax 0161 833 0634 16 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD 028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 5401 18–19 High Street, Cardiff CF10 1PT 029 2039 5548 Fax 029 2038 4347 71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh EH3 9AZ 0870 606 5566 Fax 0870 606 5588 TSO Accredited Agents (see Yellow Pages) and through good booksellers Printed in the UK by the Stationery Office, London ID0000 12/04 C5 01-Suez-Prelims(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:28 PM Page v Contents page East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964–1971: Schedule of contents vii Abbreviations: parts I–III ix Principal holders of offices 1964–1971 xv Summary of documents: part II xxi Documents: part II (nos 138–281) 1 Chapter 5 Europe 1 Chapter 6 United Nations 55 Chapter 7 Planning and priorities after the withdrawal from East of Suez 73 Chapter 8 Whitehall reorganisation and the Overseas Service 117 Chapter 9 Rhodesia 179 Chapter 10 The Commonwealth 325 Index: parts I–III 469 MAPS (4) Diagrammatic map of British interests overseas (June 1969, FCO 49/245) 100–101 (5) Rhodesia and Zambia: main routes to the coast with associate (5) ports and pipelines (Dec 1965, DEFE 31/69) 214–215 01-Suez-Prelims(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:28 PM Page vi 02-Suez-Sch Contents(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:29 PM Page vii vii East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964–1971 Schedule of Contents Doc nos PART I EAST OF SUEZ Chapter 1 The defence withdrawal from East of Suez 1–35 Chapter 2 Aden and South Arabia 36–87 Chapter 3 South-East Asia 88–115 Chapter 4 Persian Gulf 116–137 PART II EUROPE, RHODESIA, COMMONWEALTH Chapter 5 Europe 138–146 Chapter 6 United Nations 147–152 Chapter 7 Planning and priorities after the withdrawal from East of Suez 153–161 Chapter 8 Whitehall reorganisation and the Overseas Civil Service 162–191 Chapter 9 Rhodesia 192–243 Chapter 10 The Commonwealth 244–281 PART III DEPENDENT TERRITORIES, AFRICA, ECONOMICS, RACE Chapter 11 Dependent Territories (1) General policy 282–289 (2) Africa 290–296 (3) Caribbean 297–311 (4) Gibraltar 312–315 (5) Falkland Islands 316–331 (6) Hong Kong 332–344 (7) Indian Ocean 345–350 (8) Pacific 351–356 Chapter 12 Africa 357–390 Chapter 13 Aid and Trade 391–435 Chapter 14 Race and Immigration 436–454 02-Suez-Sch Contents(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:29 PM Page viii viii SCHEDULE OF CONTENTS: PARTS I–II 03-Suez-Abbrev(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:29 PM Page ix ix Abbreviations: parts I–III AA Automobile Association AID Agency for International Development AMDA Anglo-Malaysian Defence Agreement ANF Atlantic Nuclear Force ANZUS Australia, New Zealand and United States (Pact) AOC air officer commanding ASA Association of South-East Asia AUS assistant under-secretary (of state) BAC British Air Command/British Aircraft Corporation BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BDEEP British Documents on the End of Empire Project BEA British European Airways BIOT British Indian Ocean Territory BMC British Motor Corporation BNEC British National Export Council BOAC British Overseas Airways Corporation BOAR British Army of the Rhine BP British Petroleum BPP British Protected Persons BSIP British Solomon Islands Protectorate BVI British Virgin Islands CAB Cabinet CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBI Confederation of British Industry CDC Colonial/Commonwealth Development Corporation CDS chief of the defence staff CD&W colonial development and welfare CEC Commonwealth Economic Committee CELU Commonwealth Education Liaison Unit CENTO Central Treaty Organisation (Turkey, UK, Pakistan, Iran) CFP Compagnie Française des Petrôles (Total) CIA Central Intelligence Agency cif cost in freight CINC commander-in-chief CINCFE commander-in-chief, Far East CO Colonial Office/ Commonwealth Office COI Central Office of Information COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Soviet bloc) Con Conservative Party (UK) COS Chiefs of Staff 03-Suez-Abbrev(2)-pp 21/9/04 1:29 PM Page x x ABBREVIATIONS CPA Commonwealth Parliamentary Association CPG Chinese People’s Government CRO Commonwealth Relations Office CSA Commonwealth Sugar Agreement CSD Civil Service Department DAC Development Assistance Committee DEA Department of Economic Affairs DEP Department of Employment and Productivity DES Department of Education and Science DHC deputy high commissioner DOP(C) (Cabinet) Defence and Oversea Policy Committee DSAO Diplomatic Service Administration Office DTC Department of Technical Co-operation DTD Dependent Territories Department/Division DTI Department of Trade and Industry DUS deputy under-secretary (of state) EAP Eastern Aden Protectorate ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and Far East ECFA Economic Commission for Asia ECGD Export Credit Guarantee Department ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EDC European Defence Community/ Economic Development Committee EEC European Economic Community EFTA European Free Trade Association EURATOM European Atomic Energy Commission FAA Fleet Air Arm FARELF Far East Land Forces FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office FLOSY Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen FM field marshal FMG Federal Military Government (Nigeria) FO Foreign Office fob free on board FSA Foreign Service Assistance GAP gross annual product GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GEIC Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony GNP gross national product GOC general officer commanding HC high commissioner HE His Excellency/high