'DOCUMENT RESUME, ED 213 90 CE 031 779 TITLE The Endocrine System (and]Anstructor's Guide: The Endocrine System. Health Occupations EduCation Module: Instructional Materials in Anatomy and, Physiology for Pennsylvania Health Occupations/ Programs. / INSTITUTION National Evaluation Systems, Inc.,:Amherst, Mass. SPONS AGENCY Pennsylvania State Dept. of Education, Harrisburg. Bureau of Vocational and Technical Education. PUB DATE Jun 80' NOTE 44p.,(For related documents see listing in note of CE 031 758. EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 PlUs-Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Allied Health Occupations Education; *Anatomy; 'Behavioral pbjectives; *Individualized Instruction; *Learning Aetivities; Learning Modules; Medical Vocabulary; *Physiology; Postsecondary Education; /Pretests Posttests;. Programed Instructional- Materials;,Secondary Education; Self Evaluation. -- , (Individuals); Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS *ftdocrine System; Pennsylvania ABSTRACT This module on the endocrine system is one of 17 modulei designed forindividualized instruction in health occupations education programs at both the secondary and postsecondary levels. It is Tart of an eight-unit miniseries on anatomy and physiology Within the series of 17 modules. rollowing a preface which explains to the student how to use the module, the unit consists of a pretest with answers, six sections (information sheets) with their objectives (e.g., describe'the basic functions of hormones ind'how their secretion is controlled), optional activities i(e.g.,,find out the causes and effects of Addison's disease andCushing's syndrome), and poettests7-aria a glossary of terms. Topics covered ie the unit are introduction to the endocrine system, the-pituitary gland, the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the adrenal glands, the pancreas, and the gonads. An accompanying instructor's guide/contains suggestions for using the module and answers to the posttet. (KC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * 4 from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDU A TIONAL RESOURCES iNFORMATION MATERIA). HAS BEEN,GRANTED BY ENTER 'ERIC, 11'16 r1o( rlrnt 0)% :t r, rev, .414,0 as lect.wet$ hell.tr e 51, SO,0,IV() Ill laton OrrriolIffIrj .t r fr.Irror"ti lorrrn made, to improve Tr,r rairty frorntry rrsnr ,pie, ,,,,,T 01,2 Pt TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ryrrrIt rryr,ar4 r.rirt °, a, P411 INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." posrttor, or 001, THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM tV Instructional Materials in Anatomy and Physiology for Pennsylvania Health Occupations Programs .-- THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM / Prepared for: Research Coordinating Unit for Vocational Education Pennsylvania Department of Educptibn Box 911 ! Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17126 Prepared by: .......;-= Nni Iona! Evaluation Systems, Inc. 30, Gatehouse Road Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 \ June, 1980 3 , PREFACE An, understanding of basic humananatomy and physiology is essential to any person preparing to enter a healthoccupation. This instructional unit is designed, to introduceyou to the structures and functions of, thehuman endocrine system--and the interrelationships of the two--and to familiarize you with some of theterms and concepts necessary for ansunderstanding of theendocrine system. This unit consists of a pretest, six_ modules with their optionalactivities, a glossary of terms, and a post-test. , Begin this modular unit by taking the 'brief pretest at thefront of the booklet. Write your answers on a sheet of paper and pass itin to your instructor. Next, read through each of the modules (Introduction tothe Endocrine System, The Pituitary-Gland, -TheThyroid-and-ParathyroidGlandS., the Adrenal Glands,_The. Pancreas and The Gonads) and investigate any ofthe optional activities that may be helpful or interesting to you. The optional activitieswill help you learn more about some of the materials presented. At the end of this unit \is a glossary which provides youwith brief definitions of manyoff the terms used in the modules. Upon completion of this unit, you should beable to demonstrate an under- standing of the material presented. by yourperformance on the 'post-test. When you have finished this unit, and feel that you understandthe information presented, take the post-test that follows. Write down your answers on asheet of paper and pass it in to your instructor, who will glv3 you yourgrade. -2- Endocrine System PRETEST 1. All endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers called:, Which endocrine glen4:-i,s known-es the master gland? A. pancreas B- pituitary-. C.thyroid D.adrenal 3. The four tiny endocrine glands located within the thyroid gland are the: 4. Which of the f011owing is a h?rmone of the adrenal glands? A. testosterone B. insulin C. estrogen D. epinephrine 5. The pancreatic hn mines regulate the level of which substance in the blood? A.cholesterJA B. oxygen C. glucosE D.- carbon dioxide 6. What organs are the male gonads? 5 -3- A 7. The adrenal glands are located on top ofwhich organs? A.lungs B. ovaries C.kidneys D.intestines 8. Which endccrine bland is directly connected to thehypothalamus? The islets of Langerhans are the endocrinecells of what organ? . most similar to the functions of 10. 1 he functions of the .endocrine system are which system? A. nervous. B. respiratory C.digestive D.muscular a 11..All endocrine gi 'ids secrete their hormonesinto: A.ducts. B.. the blrjdstream. C.organ.. D.nervy tissue. 12. The most common mechanism ofcontrolling haemone secretion is: 6 \ .. -4-0 6 13. The' Pose teri or-lobe-of-the-pituitary- is-made-of- what-kind-of tissue? 14. Secretions of the pituitary gland are controlled by what organ? 15. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are located in the: I A.abdomen. B. chest. C.head. D.neck. 1 16. What mineral is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? 4 , 17. Which hormone deals with the transport of sodium ions in the kidneys? A.testosterone B. norepinephrrile C. adrenocorti a';ropin D.aldosterone 18. Name the two layers of the adrenal glands. 7 1 19. The pancreas is located: A.between the lungs. B.behind the stomach. C.below the intestines. D.beside the liver. / 20. Name the two hormones of the pancreas. 21. The male hormones are collectively known as the: A.testicles. B. estrogens. C.progesterones. D.androgens. 22. Jame the two major female hormones. ,8 INTRODUCTION.TO THEENDOCRINE SYSTEM '143. Objectives able to: Upon completion of thismodule, you should be endocrine organization sand basicfunctions of the 1. Describe the general system. secretion is functions of hormonesand how their 2. Describe the .basic controlled. deal of influence. is asmall system,but one with a great The endocrine system produce, hormones.The endocrine of _glands and-thesubstances they glands in the It consists solely glands, becauseunlike exocrine glands are alsoknown as the. ductless sylIgFr7the endocrine of the glands ofthe digestive body (for instance,, some by 'ducts. Instead,they are transferred to otherparts of the body hormones can be/ hormones are not Thus, the effectsof endocrine released directl'iinto the blood. quickly spread over theentire body. body, that thereare so few terms of theirimportance to the It is surprising, in includes the pituitarygland, or hypophysis, endocrine glands. Theendocrine system and thegonads the adrenal glands,the pancreas, the thyroid andparathyroid glands, organs). The placenta ofthe female a so (the male and femaleprimary-reproductive the thymus and functions during pregnancy.Two myStery organs, performs endocrine The, system isstructurally also be part of theendocrine system. the pineal body, may physically connected toeach other, as are of its organs are not location of 'the unusual in that Most systems. Figure1 shows the the organs of theother anatomical glands in the differentareas of the body. the endocrine system.Hormones are Hormones are the chemicalmessengers of manufactured products of theendocrine glands. They are defined as the secreti ns or stimulate and/or regulateactivities and processes by the glands asneedea. Hormones 'a hormone affects are cell The area or organsof the body that in a variety of be very specific;certain hor- target:Hermonal targets can of called the hormone's targets, and function totrigger the secretion mones haveonly endocrine glands as general targets; they canaffect every other hormone).Some hormones have very body cell. will be secreted. mechanisms that determinewhen hormones There are several 4-eds. For example, direct mechanism isbased on the body's The simplest and most to specificblood concentrationsof certain hormones aresecreted in direct response the most common to the body.Negative feedback is materials which are necessary hormone secretion.This important mechanismthat controls and probably most example, an oven setat 350 degreeswill mechanism works likea thermostat."For the oven, thenthe heat up until thetemperature reaches350 degrees inside -7- THYROID GLAND PITUITARY (Parathjiibids_on (Hypophysis) post. surface) ADRENAL GLANDS PANCREAS OVARY (Female) TESTIS (Male) Figure 1. The Endocrine Glands t' thermostat will automaticE,:ty shut the heat off. When the temperature drops below 350 degrees the thermc,,tat will turn the heat on again. Through this on-off process, a constant temperature if about 350 degrees is maintained. An example of negative-feedback control of hormone secretion is the hormone insulin.Insulin"