ChurchChurch HistoryHistory ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury th TheThe ModernModern AgeAge AD 2020th centurycentury st TheThe PostmodernPostmodern AgeAge AD 2121st centurycentury ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury The American Revolution The French Revolution The Napoleonic Era You're Doing It Wrong (part 5) TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence AtAt thisthis point,point, TexasTexas waswas stillstill justjust aa statestate inin thethe RepublicRepublic ofof Mexico—andMexico—and MexicoMexico itselfitself waswas undergoingundergoing aa lotlot ofof changechange After gaining their independence from Spain, Mexico—like Brazil—tried to create its own empire which ended up lasting only two years After that, they created the Republic of Mexico in 1823, signing a constitution in 1824 that gave rights to each state as part of a confederation A number of American settlers appreciated the freedom that being Texians gave them, and they settled in the state of Texas in largelarge numbersnumbers But in 1833, new President Antonio López de Santa Anna came to power, and his conservative government changed the 1824 constitution to centralize all power in Mexico City Several states rose up in opposition to their loss of individual sovereignty— includingincluding Texas...Texas... TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence AtAt thisthis point,point, TexasTexas waswas stillstill justjust aa statestate inin thethe RepublicRepublic ofof Mexico—andMexico—and MexicoMexico itselfitself waswas undergoingundergoing aa lotlot ofof changechange BearBear inin mind,mind, atat first,first, thethe TexiansTexians disagreeddisagreed aboutabout whetherwhether theythey wantedwanted independenceindependence oror justjust aa returnreturn toto thethe constitutionconstitution ofof 1824—which1824—which isis whywhy thethe flagflag wavingwaving overover thethe AlamoAlamo lookedlooked likelike this...this... But with Americans pouring over the border to support independence, that eventually changed Soon, with support from groups like Davy Crockett's Tennessee militia, the Texians were taking over old Spanish garrisons and preparing for a long fight TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence AtAt thisthis point,point, TexasTexas waswas stillstill justjust aa statestate inin thethe RepublicRepublic ofof Mexico—andMexico—and MexicoMexico itselfitself waswas undergoingundergoing aa lotlot ofof changechange BearBear inin mind,mind, atat first,first, thethe TexiansTexians disagreeddisagreed aboutabout whetherwhether theythey wantedwanted independenceindependence oror justjust aa returnreturn toto thethe constitutionconstitution ofof 1824—which1824—which isis whywhy thethe flagflag wavingwaving overover thethe AlamoAlamo lookedlooked likelike this...this... But with Americans pouring over the border to support independence, that eventually changed Soon, with support from groups like Davy Crockett's Tennessee militia, the Texians were taking over old Spanish garrisons and preparing for a long fight They officially declared their independence inin 18361836 andand clarifiedclarified thethe landland thatthat theythey considered “Texas” (strangely, Mexico disagreed) TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence AtAt thisthis point,point, TexasTexas waswas stillstill justjust aa statestate inin thethe RepublicRepublic ofof Mexico—andMexico—and MexicoMexico itselfitself waswas undergoingundergoing aa lotlot ofof changechange BearBear inin mind,mind, atat first,first, thethe TexiansTexians disagreeddisagreed aboutabout whetherwhether theythey wantedwanted independenceindependence oror justjust aa returnreturn toto thethe constitutionconstitution ofof 18241824 TheThe TexiansTexians defeateddefeated thethe MexicanMexican garrisongarrison atat Béxar—theBéxar—the MexicanMexican soldierssoldiers ultimatelyultimately retreatedretreated toto aa missionmission outsideoutside ofof towntown calledcalled thethe AlamoAlamo (yes, this is what the Alamo looked like at the time of the famous battle in 1836 —that familiar arched top to the face wasn't put up until decades later on) (NOTE: Today, the Alamo sits in the middle of downtown San Antonio, across the street from cheesy gift shops and the Ripley's Believe It or Not “Odditorium”) TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence AtAt thisthis point,point, TexasTexas waswas stillstill justjust aa statestate inin thethe RepublicRepublic ofof Mexico—andMexico—and MexicoMexico itselfitself waswas undergoingundergoing aa lotlot ofof changechange BearBear inin mind,mind, atat first,first, thethe TexiansTexians disagreeddisagreed aboutabout whetherwhether theythey wantedwanted independenceindependence oror justjust aa returnreturn toto thethe constitutionconstitution ofof 18241824 TheThe TexiansTexians defeateddefeated thethe MexicanMexican garrisongarrison atat Béxar—theBéxar—the MexicanMexican soldierssoldiers ultimatelyultimately retreatedretreated toto aa missionmission outsideoutside ofof towntown calledcalled thethe AlamoAlamo Two months later, a skeleton force of 200 Texians—who had originally been sent there to destroy the Alamo—were laid siege to by Santa Anna's 1,800 troops Nearly every Texian in the Alamo was killed—including William Travis, Davy Crockett, and Jim Bowie... TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence AtAt thisthis point,point, TexasTexas waswas stillstill justjust aa statestate inin thethe RepublicRepublic ofof Mexico—andMexico—and MexicoMexico itselfitself waswas undergoingundergoing aa lotlot ofof changechange BearBear inin mind,mind, atat first,first, thethe TexiansTexians disagreeddisagreed aboutabout whetherwhether theythey wantedwanted independenceindependence oror justjust aa returnreturn toto thethe constitutionconstitution ofof 18241824 TheThe TexiansTexians defeateddefeated thethe MexicanMexican garrisongarrison atat Béxar—theBéxar—the MexicanMexican soldierssoldiers ultimatelyultimately retreatedretreated toto aa missionmission outsideoutside ofof towntown calledcalled thethe AlamoAlamo Two months later, a skeleton force of 200 Texians—who had originally been sent there to destroy the Alamo—were laid siege to by Santa Anna's 1,800 troops Santa Anna assumed that the massacres at the Alamo and at Goliad would squelch the spirit of the Texians, but the opposite happened—the revolutionaries were galvanized by them, and rallied to defeat the Mexicans soundly at the crucial Battle of San Jacinto later on in April and Texas became its own republic (this flag came three years later) TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution TheThe ageage ofof revivalrevival alsoalso ledled toto conflictconflict 18361836 TexasTexas declareddeclared itsits independenceindependence 18451845 TheThe SouthernSouthern BaptistsBaptists werewere formedformed Historically,Historically, thethe BaptistsBaptists hadhad alwaysalways beenbeen amongamong thethe mostmost raciallyracially inclusiveinclusive churcheschurches inin thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates ForFor instance,instance, GillfieldGillfield BaptistBaptist waswas thethe largestlargest churchchurch inin itsits area,area, foundedfounded inin 17881788 asas aa raciallyracially integratedintegrated congregation—andcongregation—and waswas traditionallytraditionally pastoredpastored byby aa blackblack ministerminister untiluntil NatNat Turner'sTurner's RebellionRebellion inin VirginiaVirginia inin 18311831 precipitatedprecipitated newnew lawslaws thatthat mademade itit