i ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION UNIT THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF SELECTED ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN DEBRE LIBANOS WEREDA, OROMIA REGION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION By Ermias Assefa June, 2015 Addis Ababa ii ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION UNIT THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF SELECTED ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN DEBRE LIBANOS WEREDA, OROMIA REGION By Ermias Assefa APPROVED BY: ____________________ __________ __________ Chair person, Department of Signature Date Graduate Committee ______________________ ___________ ____________ Advisor Signature Date _______________________ ___________ ____________ Examiner, Internal Signature Date _______________________ ___________ ____________ Examiner, External Signature Date iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled “The Impact Of School Feeding Programme On Students Academic Performance (Students School Attendance Rate and Achievement Test Score rate)” is original work of my own, has not been presented for a degree to any other university and all the materials used for the thesis have been duly acknowledged. __________________________ ____________________ Ermias Assefa Date (Candidate) This is to certify that the above declaration made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. __________________________ ____________________ Ato Daniel Tefera Date (Thesis Advisor) iv Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIX ................................................................................................................ ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. - 0 - CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................................... - 1 - INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... - 2 - 1.3 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................... - 4 - 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... - 4 - 1.5 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... - 4 - 1.6 Delimitations of the Study .................................................................................................... - 5 - 1.7 Meanings and Definitions of Variables................................................................................. - 5 - CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... - 7 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................................................................................ - 7 - 2.1 History of School Feeding .................................................................................................... - 7 - 2.2 The Theoretical Interactions of SFP with Economic and Nutritional functions ................... - 8 - 2.3 School Feeding Program and School Performance ............................................................... - 9 - 2.4 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................... - 13 - 2.5 School Feeding Program in Ethiopia .................................................................................. - 15 - CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................ - 18 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ - 18 - 3.1 Research Design .................................................................................................................. - 18 - 3.2 Participants .......................................................................................................................... - 18 - 3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique ................................................................................ - 19 - 3.4 Research Instruments .......................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.5 Instrument Validity ............................................................................................................. - 20 - 3.6 Instrument Reliability ......................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.7 Methods and Procedures of Data Collection ....................................................................... - 20 - 3.8 Ethical Considerations ........................................................................................................ - 21 - v 3.9 Data Analysis Procedure ..................................................................................................... - 21 - 3.10 Empirical model to assess the Impacts of SFP on Students school Performance ............... - 22 - CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................... - 23 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ........................................................................................................... - 23 - 4.1 Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics of Students ........................................... - 23 - 4.2 Results of Paired and Independent Sample T-test (Between Treatment and Control Groups of Grade Four and Grade Three Students) .......................................................................................... - 26 - 4.3. Results of Paired and Independent Sample T-test (Between Treatment and Control Groups of Grade Two and Grade One Students) ............................................................................................. - 27 - 4.4. Discussions of the Findings of Paired and Independent Sample T-test (Between Treatment and Control Groups of Grade Four and Grade Three Students) ..................................................... - 29 - 4.5. Discussions of the Findings of Paired and Independent Sample T-test (Between Treatment and Control Groups of Grade Two and Grade One Students) ........................................................ - 30 - 4.6. Discussion of the Findings of Key Informant Interview ..................................................... - 31 - CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................................... - 32 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... - 32 - 5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. - 32 - 5.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... - 33 - REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... - 35 - APPENDICES: ....................................................................................................................................... - 38 - Appendix A: Result of Paired Sample T-Test…………………..……………………………………-38- Appendix B: Result of Independent Sample T-Test…………………………………………………-40- Appendix C: Questioners……………………………………………………..……………..………-42- Appendix D: Supporting Documents…………………………………………….……………..……-51- vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my research advisor, Ato Daniel Tefera for his continuous advice and professional guidance towards realization of this work. I would like to forward my warm appreciation and great thanks to my friends Daniel Tsegaye and Anteneh Yemane for their valuable support during the thesis work. My special thanks go to my beloved families for their continuous moral support during the study. My special thanks go to the focal persons of school feeding program for their in-depth support during the study in the area. I am also indebted to WFP head office and field staffs for their support during my thesis work with their unreserved