THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2019 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2019 Copenhagen THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2019 Compilation and editing: David Nathaniel Berger Regional editors: Arctic and North America: Kathrin Wessendorf Mexico, Central and South America: Alejandro Parellada Australia and the Pacific: Diana Vinding Asia: Signe Leth The Middle East: Diana Vinding Africa: Marianne Wiben Jensen and Patrick Kulesza International Processes: Lola García-Alix and Kathrin Wessendorf Cover Ideation, cover and typesetting: Line Klingenberg Grove, Pamela Jacquelin-Andersen and Silie Heeschen Maps and layout: Neus Casanova Vico, Line Klingenberg Grove and Silie Heeschen English translation: Elaine Bolton, Rebecca Knight and Madeline Newman Ríos Proofreading: Elaine Bolton and David Nathaniel Berger Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark Cover photographies: Alexander Khimushin - The World in Faces HURRIDOCS CIP DATA © The authors and The International Work Title: The Indigenous World 2019 Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Edited by: David Nathaniel Berger 2019 All Rights Reserved Pages: 680 ISSN: 1024-0217 The reproduction and distribution of information con- tained in The Indigenous World is welcome as long as ISBN: 978-87-92786-93-7 the source is cited. However, the translation of articles Language: English into other languages and the of the whole BOOK is not Index: 1. Indigenous Peoples – 2. Yearbook – allowed without the consent of IWGIA. 3. International Processes BISAC codes: LAW110000 Indigenous The articles in The Indigenous World are pro- Peoples duced on a voluntary basis. It is IWGIA’s intention that REF027000 Yearbooks & Annuals The Indigenous World should provide a comprehensive POL035010 Political Freedom & Security / update on the situation of indigenous peoples world- wide but, unfortunately, it is not always possible to Human Rights find authors to cover all relevant countries. The articles Geografical area: World reflect the authors’ own views and opinions and not Publication date: April 2019 necessarily those of IWGIA itself. IWGIA can further- more not be held responsible for the accuracy of their content. The Indigenous World is published annually in English and Spanish. Executive director: Julie Koch Head of Finance and Administration: Søren Juul Aarslev This book has been produced with financial support from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA) INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Prinsessegade 29 B, 3rd floor, DK 1422 – Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (45) 53 73 28 30 – E-mail: [email protected] – www.iwgia.org 5 Editorial CONTENTS Editorial ........................................................................................................... 8 PART 1 - REGION AND COUNTRY REPORTS The Arctic Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) ...................................................................26 Inuit Nunangat ............................................................................................35 Russian Federation ....................................................................................43 Sápmi .............................................................................................................52 North America Canada ..........................................................................................................65 United States of America .........................................................................73 Mexico and Central America Costa Rica ....................................................................................................83 Guatemala ....................................................................................................93 Mexico .......................................................................................................... 102 Nicaragua .................................................................................................... 110 South America Argentina ..................................................................................................... 121 Bolivia ...........................................................................................................127 Brazil............................................................................................................. 134 Chile ............................................................................................................. 143 Colombia ..................................................................................................... 153 Ecuador ........................................................................................................ 161 French Guiana .............................................................................................171 Guyana .........................................................................................................180 Paraguay ..................................................................................................... 190 Peru ...............................................................................................................197 Rapa Nui ..................................................................................................... 206 Suriname .................................................................................................... 212 Venezuela ................................................................................................... 218 6 IWGIA – The Indigenous World – 2019 Australia and the Pacific Aotearoa (New Zealand) .........................................................................227 Australia ..................................................................................................... 235 French Polynesia ..................................................................................... 242 East Asia and South East Asia Cambodia ................................................................................................... 251 China ........................................................................................................... 258 Japan .......................................................................................................... 269 Malaysia ......................................................................................................275 Myanmar .................................................................................................... 283 Philippines ................................................................................................. 292 Taiwan ......................................................................................................... 302 Thailand ........................................................................................................ 311 Vietnam ....................................................................................................... 319 West Papua ............................................................................................... 328 South Asia Bangladesh ............................................................................................... 337 India ............................................................................................................. 346 Nepal ........................................................................................................... 366 Middle East Israel .............................................................................................................375 Palestine .................................................................................................... 384 North and West Africa Algeria ......................................................................................................... 395 Libya ............................................................................................................ 403 Morocco ...................................................................................................... 407 Tunisia .......................................................................................................... 414 Burkina Faso .............................................................................................. 419 Niger ............................................................................................................ 425 East Africa Eritrea ......................................................................................................... 433 Ethiopia ...................................................................................................... 442 Kenya ...........................................................................................................448 Tanzania ..................................................................................................... 459 Uganda ....................................................................................................... 468 7 Editorial Central Africa Burundi ........................................................................................................479 Cameroon ..................................................................................................484 Central African Republic ....................................................................... 492 Chad .............................................................................................................501 Democratic Republic of Congo ............................................................ 510 Rwanda.........................................................................................................517