Protists Simple Eukaryotes Domain Domain Domain Bacteria Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Regents Biology 2006-2007 Common ancestor General characteristics Classification criteria eukaryotes not animal, plant or fungi That ’s more of what they ’re not & not what they are ! Regents Biology Protist Diversity A great variety in ways of life one-celled to many-celled autotrophs (photosynthesis) to heterotrophs (have to eat) asexual to sexual reproduction pathogens to beneficial sessile to mobile Regents Biology Mobility How Protists move flagellum cilia pseudopod Regents Biology Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists heterotrophs, predators Amoeba Paramecium Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red Stentor Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium Regents Biology Protist Diversity Plant-like Protists autotrophs, photosynthesis Euglena algae diatoms Regents Biology Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogen Protists malaria Plasmodium Giardia trypanosomes Giardia Regents Biology Trypanosoma Protist Diversity Beneficial & necessary Protists phytoplankton small algae + diatoms much of the world’s photosynthesis produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen zooplankton heterotroph protists key ecological role at base of marine food web Mmmmmm ! Keeps me goin ’! Regents Biology Kingdom: Animals Complex Eukaryotes Domain Domain Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya 2007- Common ancestor2008 Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular complex bodies No cell walls allows active movement Sexual reproduction Animal Evolution sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmented insects starfish vertebrates worms spiders segmented body internal skeleton separate digestive system left-right symmetry tissues many-celled Ancestral Protist Invertebrate: Porifera food taken into each Sponges cell separately no organized tissues or organs food goes in & waste comes out same opening Invertebrate: Cnidaria Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral tissues, but no organs two cell layers predators tentacles surround mouth opening digested material absorbed into cells Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes Flatworms tapeworm, planaria mostly parasitic digestive tube now have separate mouth & anus tapeworm Invertebrate: Nematoda Roundworms digestive tube have separate mouth & anus many are parasitic hookworm Invertebrate: Mollusca Mollusks clams, snails, squid soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells digestive tube Invertebrate: Annelida Segmented worms earthworms, leeches segments are all the same digestive tube fan worm leech Invertebrate: Arthropoda Spiders, insects, crustaceans most successful animal group segmented allows jointed legs & arms exoskeleton Arthropod groups arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp insects 6 legs, 3 body parts Invertebrate: Echinodermata Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber radial symmetry spiny exoskeleton Vertebrata Vertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals internal bony skeleton becomes brain backbone & spinal cord skull -encased brain Oh, look… becomes gills or Eustachian tube your first baby picture ! becomes tail or tailbone becomes vertebrae 450 mya Lampreys, salmon, trout, sharks Vertebrates: Fish Characteristics gills body structure paired fins scales body body function breathe with gills two-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg 350 mya frogs Vertebrates: Amphibian salamanders toads Characteristics lung body structure buccal cavity legs (walk on land) moist skin glottis closed body function breathe with lungs & through skin three-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg metamorphosis (tadpole to adult) 250 mya dinosaurs, turtles Vertebrates: Reptiles lizards, snakes alligators, crocodile Characteristics body structure dry skin, scales, armor (shells) body function breathe with lungs three -chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction leathery embryo shell internal fertilization amnion external development in hard-shelled egg chorion allantois yolk sac 150 mya finches, hawk Vertebrates: Birds ostrich, turkey Characteristics body structure feathers & wings thin, hollow bone; flight skeleton body function very efficient lungs & air sacs four-chambered heart warm-blooded (endotherm) reproduction trachea lung internal fertilization anterior external development in air sacs hard-shelled egg posterior air sacs 220 mya / 65 mya mice, ferret Vertebrates: Mammals elephants, bats whales, humans Characteristics body structure hair specialized teeth muscles contract body function breathe with lungs, diaphragm four-chambered heart diaphragm warm-blooded (endoderm) contracts reproduction internal fertilization internal development in uterus nourishment through placenta birth live young mammary glands make milk That’s the buzz… Any Questions?.