Protection and Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean A COMMON RESPONSABILITY PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORUM LIMASSOL, CHYPRE - NOVEMBER 22nd & 23rd 2012 Cyprus Presidency of the Council of the European Union Ordre Souverain de Malte République de Chypre Forum organised by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus and the Chancery of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, in collaboration with UNESCO and the European Commission, with the help and financial support of the Fondation Française de l’Ordre de Malte and the Foundation Futur 21. Published by the Fondation Française de l’Ordre de Malte Forum organised by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus and the Chancery of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, in collaboration with UNESCO and the European Commission, with the help and financial support of the Fondation Française de l’Ordre de Malte and the Foundation Futur 21. Published by the Fondation Française de l’Ordre de Malte Protection and Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean A COMMON RESPONSIBILITY PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORUM LIMASSOL, CYPRUS - NOVEMBER 22nd & 23rd 2012 PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORUM 6 / PROTECTION ET CONSERVATION DES LIEUX SACRÉS EN MÉDITERRANÉE 22-23 novembre 2012 CYPRUS FORUM – NOVEMBER 22ND AND 23RD 2012 he Mediterranean is considered « the cradle of civilizations.» At present, along its shores, one can find over 20 countries and territories, more than T 20 languages, and all three monotheistic religions. If there is a place in the world where intercultural dialogue matters enormously, it is the Mediterranean. This region has an historical and cultural richness unparalleled in the world. However, in recent years, cultural patrimony, shrines, Sacred Places, and monuments of worship have increasingly come under attack, been damaged or destroyed. Governments and political authorities, international organizations, civil society as well as armed forces have the duty to better protect the universal cultural and religious patrimony . It is in this spirit that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus and the Chancery of the Sovereign Order of Malta, in collaboration with UNESCO and the European Commission, have decided to inaugurate the Cyprus Forum on the occasion of the Cyprus Presidency of the European Council, which will focus on: Protection and Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean: A Common Responsibility We are confident that the exchange of expertise and ideas during the following two days will provide important outcomes for the Mediterranean States and communities who will engage to adopt common principles for the protection and the promotion of their cultural heritage. We sincerely look forward to your participation and involvement in this exceptional meeting. Jean-Pierre MAZERY Grand Chancellor Erato KOZAKOU-MARKOULLIS of the Sovereign Order of Malta and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Chairman of the Fondation Française Republic of Cyprus de l’Ordre de Malte TABLE OF CONTENTS Thursday, November 22nd 2012 OPENING ADDRESS ...................................................................P.17 • H.E. George IACOVOU, Commissioner to the President of the Republic of Cyprus, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs • His Grace CHRISTOFOROS, Bishop of Karpas, representing His Beatitude Chrysostomos II, Archbishop of Cyprus • H.E. Jean-Pierre MAZERY, Grand Chancellor of the Sovereign Order of Malta • Christian MANHART, Chief of UNESCO’s Museums and Creativity Section • Jean-Claude THÉBAULT, General Director of the Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) of the European Commission INTRODUCTION..........................................................................P.31 • Msgr. Marcelo SANCHEZ SORONDO, Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences Round Table 1: IMPACT OF NATURAL CATASTROPHES AND CONFLICTS ON CULTURAL HERITAGE ....... ........................................................P.41 • Moderator: Prof. Mounir BOUCHENAKI, Advisor to UNESCO and former General Director of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) • Christian MANHART, Chief of UNESCO’s Museums and Creativity Section • Dr Maria HADJICOSTI, Director of the Department of Antiquities of the Republic of Cyprus • Dr Hayet GUETTAT GUERMAZI, Director of Heritage Preservation at the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) • Prof. Rohit JIGYASU, President of ICORP, the International Committee on Risk Preparedness of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) • Julien ANFRUNS, General Director of International Council of Museums (ICOM), President of the International Committee of Blue Shield Round Table 2: NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE LIGHT OF THE ARAB SPRING ...................... ....................................P.67 • Moderator: Sir Paul DUJARDIN, General Director of the Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels • Moderator: Mona KHAZINDAR, General Director of the Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris • H.E. James MORAN, Ambassador and Head of the European Union Delegation to the Arab Republic of Egypt • H.E. Frédéric GRASSET, Ambassador of the Sovereign Order of Malta to the Kingdom of Morocco, Former French Ambassador • Prof. Mounir BOUCHENAKI, Advisor to UNESCO and former General Director of ICCROM Friday, November 23rd 2012 Round Table 3: THE SPECIFIC ISSUES OF SACRED HERITAGE ......................P.89 • Moderator: Prof. Silvio FERRARI, University of Milan, Coordinator of the Order of Malta’s Sacred Places and Intercultural Dialogue project • Prof. Gerhard ROBBERS, University of Trier, President of the German Evangelical Church Congress • Msgr. José Manuel DEL RIO CARRASCO, Undersecretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Patrimony of the Church • Prof. Ismini KRIARI, Vice-Rector of the Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens • Maryna ZLOBINA, Deputty Secretary General of the National Ukrainian Commission for UNESCO • Rev. Savvas HADJIONAS, Secretary of the Synodical Committee for Monuments of the Church of Cyprus Round Table 4: THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MAJOR INSTITUTIONAL PLAYERS FOR CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ...................................................P.113 • Moderator: Christian MANHART, Chief of UNESCO’s Museums and Creativity Section • Jean-Claude THÉBAULT, General Director of the Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) of the European Commission • Miguel PALACIO, Representative from the Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church • H.E. Alfredo BASTIANELLI, Ambassador of the Italian Republic to the Republic of Cyprus • Francesco SIRAVO, Aga Khan Trust for Culture, Historic Cities Programme SYNTHESIS .........................................................................P.135 • H.E. Pierre MOREL, Former French Ambassador CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................P.147 • H.E. Dr Erato KOZAKOU-MARCOULLIS, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus • H.E. Jean-Pierre MAZERY, Grand Chancellor of the Sovereign Order of Malta Thursday, November 22nd 2012 OPENING ADDRESS • H.E. George IACOVOU Commissioner to the President of the Republic of Cyprus, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs • His Grace CHRISTOFOROS Bishop of Karpas, representing His Beatitude Chrysostomos II, Archbishop of Cyprus • H.E. Jean-Pierre MAZERY Grand Chancellor of the Sovereign Order of Malta • Christian MANHART Chief of UNESCO’s Museums and Creativity Section • Jean-Claude THÉBAULT1 General Director of the Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) of the European Commission 1 Author: Mr. Jean-Claude THÉBAULT, Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA), © European Union, 2012. The views expressed in this Licensed material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the European Union. 18 / PROTECTION ET CONSERVATION DES LIEUX SACRÉS EN MÉDITERRANÉE 22-23 novembre 2012 H.E. George IACOVOU, Commissioner to the President of the Republic of Cyprus, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs It gives me great pleasure to address you on the opening of this international conference organized jointly by the Sovereign Order of Malta, the European Com- mission, UNESCO and the Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The chosen theme of shared responsibility for cultural heritage in the Mediterra- nean region is one that concerns us all. It is encouraging to see gathered together here today, despite the many problems that confront us – the economic and finan- cial crisis, financial instability and conflicts in the Mediterranean – all the people who have agreed to come and devote time to our collective discussions. This is a very encouraging factor. The organization of this forum by the Sovereign Order of Malta, which tirelessly dedicates itself to humanitarian work, is a sign of the interest the Order takes in culture and civilizations, for which we are grateful. It is an honour for us to be the guests of such a long-standing Order, which now has six centuries of history behind it. Towards the end of the 13th century, the Religious and Military Order of the Knights of Saint John, as it was known at the time, transferred its headquar- ters from the Holy Land to Limassol’s