Published bimonthly—January, March, May, July, 634 Close-range vertical photography for measuring cover changes in perennial September, November grasslands by Lauren T. Bennett, Terry S. Judd, and Mark A. Adams Copyright 2000 by the Society for Range Management 642 Lichen polysaccharides and their relation to reindeer/caribou nutrition by B. Svihus and Æ. Holand INDIVIDUALSUBSCRIPTION is by membership in the Society for Range Management. Plant/Animal LIBRARY or other INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIP- 649 Red deer and cattle diet composition in La Pampa, A r g e n t i n a by A . J . TIONS on a calendar year basis are $95.00 for the United States postpaid and $112.00 for other coun- Pordomingo and T. Rucci tries, postpaid. Payment from outside the United States should be remitted in US dollars by interna- 655 Food aversion learning to eliminate cattle consumption of pine needles by James tional money order or draft on a New York bank. A. Pfister BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE, concerning Plant Ecology subscriptions, advertising, reprints, back issues, and related matters, should be addressed to the Managing Editor, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, 660 Fire history of the Rochelle Hills Thunder Basin National Grasslands by Barry Lakewood, Colorado 80228. L. Perryman and W.A. Laycock E D I TO R I A L CORRESPONDENCE, concerning manuscripts or other editorial matters, should be Soils addressed to the Editor, Gary Frasier, 7820 Stag 666 Tracked vehicle effects on vegetation and soil characteristics by Chad W. Prosser, Hollow Road, Loveland, Colorado 80538. Page proofs should be returned to the Production Editor, Kevin K. Sedivec, and William T. Barker 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, Colorado 80 2 2 8 . Book Review INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS appear on the 671 An Introduction to Ecological Economics. By Robert Costanza, John Cumberland, inside back cover of most issues. THE JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT (ISSN 0022-409X) is Herman Daly, Robert Goodland, and Richard Norgaard. published bimonthly for $56.00 per year by the 673 2000 Table of Contents Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Ste 230, Lakewood, Colorado 80228. SECOND 676 Volume 53 Index CLASS POSTAGE paid at Denver, Colorado and additional offi c e s . POSTMASTER: Return entire journal with address change —RE T U R N PO S TA G EG U A R A N - TEED to Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, Colorado 80228. Managing Editor Associate Editors ROBERT GILLEN FAISALK. TAHA J. CRAIG WHITTEKIEND VIVIEN G. ALLEN USDA-ARS Director of Technical Programs 445 Union Blvd., Ste 230 Texas Tech University Southern Plains Range Res. Sta. Biosaline Agriculture Center Lakewood, Colorado 80228 Dept. of Plant & Soil Science 2000 18th Street P.O. Box 14660 (303) 986-3309 Box 42122 Woodward, Oklahoma 73801 Dubai, U.A.E. Fax: (303) 986-3892 Lubbock, Texas 79409-2122 e-mail address: ELAINE E. GRINGS ALLEN TORELL [email protected] YUGUANG BAI USDA-ARS New Mexico State University Editor/Copy Editor Dept.of Plant Sciences Fort Keogh-LARRL Agricultural Economics GARY FRASIER/JOFRASIER University of Saskatchewan Route 1, Box 2021 Box 3169 7820 Stag Hollow Road 51 Campus Drive Miles City, Montana 59301 Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 Loveland, Colorado 80538 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan e-mail address: S7N 5A8 MARK JOHNSON MIMI WILLIAMS [email protected] CANADA Louisiana State University USDA-ARS Forestry and WIldlife Management Production Editor 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd PATTYRICH DAVID BELESKY Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Brooksville, Florida 34601-4672 Society for Range Management USDA-ARS 445 Union Blvd., Ste 230 1224 Airport Road PAUL OHLENBUSCH Lakewood, Colorado 80228 Beaver, West Virginia 25813 Kansas State University e-mail address: Department of Agronomy [email protected] ROBERT R. BLANK Throckmorton Hall Manhattan, Kansas 66506 Book Review Editor USDA-ARS 920 Valley Road DAVID L. SCARNECCHIA ROBERT PEARCE Dept of Natural Res. Sci. Reno, Nevada 89512 Resources Concept Washington State University 340 N. Minnesota St. Pullman, Washington 99164-6410 JOE E. BRUMMER Carson City, Nevada 89703 e-mail address: Mt. Meadows Res. Ctr. [email protected] P.O. Box 598 MICHAEL H. RALPHS Gunnison, Colorado 81230 Electronic JRM Editor USDA-ARS M.KEITH OWENS Poisonous Plant Lab Texas A&M University DAVIDGANSKOPP USDA-ARS 1150 E 1400 N Research Center Logan, Utah 84341-2881 1619 Garner Field Road HC-71 4.51 HWY 205 Uvalde, Texas Burns, Oregon 97720 e-mail address: [email protected] THE SOCIETY FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT, founded in 1948 as the American Society of Range Management, is a nonprofit association incorporated under the laws of the State of Wyoming. It is recognized exempt from Federal income tax, as a scientific and educa- tional organization, under the provisions of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and also is classed as a public foundation as described in Section 509(a)(2) of the Code. The name of the Society was changed in 1971 by amendment of the Articles of Incorporation. The objectives for which the corporation is established are: —to properly take care of the basic rangeland resources of soil, plants, and water; President JOHN L. McLAIN —to develop an understanding of range ecosystems and of the principles applicable to the 340 N. Minnesota St. management of range resources; Carson City, Nevada 89703-4152 —to assist all who work with range resources to keep abreast of new findings and 1st Vice-President techniques in the science and art of range management; JAMES T. O’ROURKE 61 Country Club Road —to improve the effectiveness of range management to obtain from range resources the Chadron, Nebraska 69337 products and values necessary for man’s welfare; 2nd Vice-President RODNEYK. HEITSCHMIDT —to create a public appreciation of the economic and social benefits to be obtained from USDA-ARS the range environment; Ft. Keogh LARRL Rt 1, Box 2021 —to promote professional development of its members. Miles City, Montana 59301-9801 Membership in the Society for Range Management is open to anyone engaged in or interested in Executive Vice-President any aspect of the study, management, or use of rangelands. Please contact the Executive Vice- J. CRAIG WHITTEKIEND President for details. 445 Union Blvd., Ste. 230 Lakewood, Colorado 80228 (303) 986-3309 Fax: (303) 986-3892 e-mail address: [email protected] The Journal of Range Management is a publication of the Society for Range Directors Management. It serves as a forum for the presentation and discussion of facts, ideas, and philosophies 1998-2000 pertaining to the study, management, and use of rangelands and their several resources. Accordingly, all PATRICK L.SHAVER material published herein is signed and reflects the individual views of the authors and is not necessari- 2510 Meadow Lane ly an official position of the Society. Manuscripts from anyone—nonmembers as well as members—are Woodburn, Oregon 97071-3727 welcome and will be given every consideration by the editors. Editorial comments by an individual are CAROLYNHULL SIEG also welcome and, subject to acceptance by the editor, will be published as a “Viewpoint.” Forest & Range Experiment Station 501 E. Saint Joseph Street In Cooperation With: Some of the articles appearing in The Journal of Range Management (JRM) School of Mines Campus are presented in cooperation with The American Forage and Grassland Council (AFGC). This coopera- Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901 tion consists of JRM acceptance of professional papers in forage grazing management and related sub- 1999-2001 ject areas from AFGC members and the appointment of two AFGC affiliated associate editors JAMES LINEBAUGH to JRM’s Editorial Staff. The American Forage and Grassland Council Offices: P.O. Box 94, 3 Yhvona Dr. Georgetown, Texas 78627; Larry Jeffries, President; Dana Tucker, Executive Secretary. Carson City, NV89706-7717 GLENSECRIST Idaho Dept. of Agriculture 3818 S. Varian Ave. Boise, Idaho 83709-4703 2000-2002 RICHARDH. Hart Contribution Policy: The Society for Range Management may accept donations of real USDA-ARS and/or personal property subject to limitations set forth by State and Federal law. All donations shall be High Plains Grasslands Station 8408 Hildreth Rd. subject to management by the Executive Vice President as directed by the Board of Directors and their Cheyenne, Wyoming 82009-8809 discretion in establishing and maintaining trusts, memorials, scholarships, or other types of funds. Individual endowments for designated purposes can be established according to Society policies. Gifts, DONKIRBY bequests, legacies, devises, or donations not intended for establishing designated endowments will be North Dakota State University deposited into the SRM Endowment Fund. Donations or requests for further information on Society poli- Animal &Range Science cies can be directed to the Society for Range Management, Executive Vice-President, 445 Union Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58105 Lakewood, Colorado 80228. We recommend that donors consult Tax Advisors in regard to any tax con- The term of office of all elected officers and sideration that may result from any donation. directors begins in February of each year during the Society’s annual meeting. J. Range Manage. 53: 562–573 November 2000 Invited Paper Stubble height as a tool for management of riparian areas WARREN P. CLARY AND WAYNE C. LEININGER Authors are project leader, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 316 E. Myrtle St., Boise, Ida. 83702, and professor, Department of Rangeland Ecosystem Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. 80523. Abstract Resumen Stubble height, a measure of the herbaceous vegetation La altura del rastrojo, una medida de la vegetación herb·cea remaining after grazing, has been widely used in recent years to remanente después de que ha sido sujeta apacentamiento, ha sido gage the impacts of grazing use in riparian areas. Stubble height ampliamente utilizada en años recientes para medir el impacto is a short-term management guide that should only be applied to del apacentamiento en las áeas ribereñas.