Durham E-Theses Some Elizabethan controversies about the church and the ministry Corley, J. M. How to cite: Corley, J. M. (1959) Some Elizabethan controversies about the church and the ministry, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10123/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk SOME ELIZABETHAN CONTROVERSIES ABOUT. THE CHURCH AND THE MINISTRY A Thesis submitted to the University of Durham (Durham Division) for the degree of Master of Letters J.M.Corley (St John's College) The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. October 1959 No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. 2 I.JUL. 1930 i FOREWORD The reign of Queen Elizabeth I saw the "beginnings of some of the main divisions of English Christianity. The differences "between papist and reformer were already there "before Elizabeth's accession, but it was while she was on the throne that Puritan first came to be distinguished from Anglican and, within the Puritan party, Independent from Presbyterian. Controversy between these parties circled around the doctrine of the Church and the Ministry. The arguments of a representative selection of Anglican and Puritan divines of this period on this subject are compared in these pages, and a doctrine is suggested which, although it would not have fully satisfied any of them, might have given some satisfaction to all of them. Had this doctrine been accepted, schism might well have been avoided. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to the University Library, Cambridge, for supplying a microfilm copy of Bredwell's "Rasing of the Foundations of Brownisme", and for permission to quote from that work; and to Dr Williams's Library, London, for permission to consult and to quote from the manuscript of "The Second Parte of A Register." He is indebted to both Libraries, and to the British Museum Library and the Bodleian Library, Oxford, for permission to check the accuracy of quotations made by the Elizabethan controversialists from the works of their contempor• aries, English and foreign. He is also indebted to the Rev. E.R. Evans and the Rev. Professor S.L.Greenslade for the information acknowledged in the footnotes to pages 330 and 643f. Ill ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES The following abbreviations are used in the footnotes:- B. Bredwell, "The Rasing of the Foundations of Brownisme" BPG. Bilson, "The Perpetual Government of Christ's Church" edn 1593 C. Peel and Carlson (ed), "Cartwrightiana" H. Hooker, "Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity", Preface and five Books. HK. Hooker, "Viiorks", Keble's edition, vol iii. J. Parker Society, "The Works of Bishop Jewel", 4 vols, S.A. Strype, "Annals of the Reformation", 4 vols (the first three in two parts each) S.G. .. "The Life and Acts of Edmund Grindal" S.P. .. "The Life and Acts of Matthew Parker" 3 vols S.fl. "The Life and Acts of John lShitgift" 3 vols T. Travers, "A Full and Plain Declaration of Ecclesiastical Discipline" (English translation by.Cartwright) W. Parker Society, "The Works of Archbishop Whitgift", 3 vols. WHB. Peel (ed), "The Writings of Robert Harrison and Robert Browne" Z.L. Parker Society, "Zurich Letters", 1st and 2nd series. 2P.R. Peel (ed), "The Second Parte of A Register", 2 vols. References are also made in the footnotes to the following works Arndt and Gingrich, "A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament." Bancroft, "Dangerous Positions and Proceedings" "A Survay of the Pretended Holy Discipline" Bullinger, "Adversus Anabaptistas, in Lat. con. per Jos. Simlerum." "A Brief Discourse of the Troubles begun at Frankfort in Germany Anno Domini 1554." iv Beza, "Responsio ad tractationem de gradibus ministrorum Evang- elii ab Hadriano Saravia editam." Bright, "Canons of the First Four General Councils." Bromiley, "Thomas Cranmer, Theologian." Brook, "Whitgift and the English Church." Conyers Read, "Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth." "Correspondence of Matthew Parker", Parker Society. Croes (ed), "Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church." Cooper, "Athenae Cantabrigiensis", vol i. Cullmann, "Peter, Apostle etc" Calvin, "Commentaries", Calvin Translation Society "Ioannis Calvini Opera", Brunswick 1868 vol 7 Cartwright, "The Second Reply" 157.5 "The Rest of the Second Reply" 1577 Dawley, "John Whitgift and the Reformation." Davies, "The Political Ideas of Richard Hooker." .. "Episcopacy and the Royal Supremacy." Daube, "The New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism." "Dictionary of National Biography." Dix, "The Apostolic Tradition of St Hippolytus." Dixon, "History of the Church of England." 5 vols. Dodd, "The Parables of the Kingdom." "A Directory of Church Government", 1644 Easton, "Early Christianity". "The Pastoral Epistles." Ehrhardt, "The Apostolic Succession." Flew (ed), "The Nature of the Church". Frere and Douglas, "Puritan Manifestoes". Gaster, "The Scriptures of the Dead Sea Sect." Gesenius (tr Tregelles), "Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon." Gee and Hardy, "Documents Illustrative of English Church History Gibson (ed), "The First and Second Prayer Books of Edward VI." (Everyman) Greenslade, "Schism in the Early Church." "Church and State from Constantine to Theodosius." Gualter, "In priorem D.Pauli Apostoli ad Corinthios Epistolam Homiliae." Hammond, "Definitions of Faith and Canons of Discipline." Hebert, "The Form of the Church." Hefele, "History of the Councils", Engl, trans, vol iv. Heylyn, "Aerius Redivivus", edn 1672 Hughes, "The Reformation in England", vol iii. Jalland, "The Origin and Evolution of the Christian Church." Jones, "Constantine and the Conversion of Europe." "The Journal of Ecclesiastical History" vol.iii, no 1. .. •• .. vol.vi, no 2. "The Journal of Theological Studies", new series, vol.iv, part 2 Knappen, "Tudor Puritanism." Kirk (ed), "The Apostolic Ministry." a Lasco, "A briefe examination for the tyme." Liddell and Scott, "Greek Lexicon", new edn. Lightfoot, "The Epistle to the Philippians." "Lutheri Opera", tom.ii. Witebergae, 1551. Manson, "The Church's Ministry." "The Teaching of Jesus." Mascall, "Corpus Christi." "Christ, the Christian, and the Church." McNeill, "The History and Character of Calvinism." Morris (ed) "Hooker's 'Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity*". (Everyman) Moulton and Milligan, "Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament." Musculus, "Commonplaces". Engl, trans. Neale, "Elizabeth I and her Parliaments, 1559 - 1581." 1584 - 1601. Nowell, "A Catechisme", Parker Society. .... "A Confutation as well of M.Dorman's last Boke, etc" Paget, "Introduction to the Fifth Book of HoJaker's Ecclesiastical Polity." Percival, "Seven Ecumenical Councils". Porter, "Reformation and Reaction in Tudor Cambridge." Reid (ed), "Calvin's Theological Treatises." "Remains of Archbishop Grindal", Parker Society. "Relations between Anglican and Presbyterian Churches.". Redlich, "Form Criticism". Richardson, A. "The Miracle Stories of the Gospels." Richardson, C.C. "Early Christian Fathers". Robinson, "The Body". Sanders, "De Visibilia Monarchia Ecclesiae". Schmidt et al., "Basileia", tr. Kingdon. vi Schurer, "The Jewish People in the time of Jesus Christ". Engl.trans, vol.ii. pt.2. Scott Pearson, "Thomas Cartwright and Elizabethan Puritanism." .. "Church and State in the 16th Century." "Scottish Journal of Theology", vol.ix, June 1956. Sisson, "The Judicious Marriage of Mr Richard Hooker". Skinner, "Prophecy and Religion". Srawley, "The Epistles of St Ignatius." Sykes, "Old Priest and New Presbyter." Souter, "A Glossary of Later Latin." .. "A Pocket Lexicon of the Greek New Testament." Taylor, "The Formation of the Gospel Tradition". Temple, "Citizen and Churchman". Venn, "Alumni Cantabrigiensis". Part I, vols i and iv. References to the works of the early Fathers of the Church and to Calvin's "Institutes" are to the sections of those works and not to the pages of any particular edition of them. References to the New Testament "Annotations" of Beza and Erasmus are to the passages of Scripture upon which they commented. In quotations from the English reformers the spelling has been modernized and the frenzied punctuation of the^printers corrected. In the latter case care has been taken to avoid the danger of mis• interpreting the authors1 meaning. SOME ELIZABETHAN CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE CHURCH AND THE MINISTRY Part I JEWEL V. HARDING z Part I Jewel v. Harding I On 17th November 1558 Queen Elizabeth I acceded to the throne of England, inheriting from her half-sister a kingdom at war and almost bankrupt together with a Church divided in doctrine and distracted by persecution. We are not concerned here with the means by which the kingdom was restored to peace and solvency, but only with the methods employed (not altogether successfully) to bring the Church to unity and tranquillity. Some change in the religion of England was widely expected of Elizabeth. When Queen Mary died the joy of those who had fled to the continent to escape her terror was matched by the speed with which most of them packed their belongings and returned home, surely a rash proceeding unless it were common knowledge that the new Queen would support them rather than the dominant papist party. Much the same expectation of change, and even desire for it, was also probably to be found among many of the common people of England. The increasing severity of Mary's persecution betrays a growing sense of failure to capture public opinion for her faith, no matter how much outward conformity there might be.