Seasonal pattern of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil Linzmeier, A.M. & Ribeiro-Costa, C.S. Biota Neotrop. 2013, 13(1): 153-162. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n1/en/abstract?article+bn04013012013 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n1/pt/abstract?article+bn04013012013 Received/ Recebido em 21/03/12 - Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 31/08/12 - Accepted/ Publicado em 25/03/13 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical. Biota Neotropica is an eletronic journal which is available free at the following site http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 1 Seasonal pattern of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil Adelita Maria Linzmeier,1,3 & Cibele Stramare Ribeiro-Costa2 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil 2Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 3Corresponding author: Adelita Maria Linzmeier, e-mail: [email protected] LINZMEIER, A.M. & RIBEIRO-COSTA, C.S. Seasonal pattern of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 13(1): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n1/en/ abstract?article+bn04013012013 Abstract: The aim of this paper was to describe the seasonal patterns of Chrysomelidae and of its most abundant species at eight sites in different geomorphological and floristic regions in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Samples with Malaise traps, from August 1986 to July 1988 were performed. The Chrysomelidae showed seasonal patterns with the highest abundance in the spring and/or summer at all sites, but with variations in the months of highest captures. Photoperiod was the variable that most influenced the seasonality of Chrysomelidae, and along with temperature and relative humidity, determined most of the seasonal patterns of the family at the different sites. Some dominant species of Chrysomelidae showed different seasonal pattern compared to the family level. A better knowledge of the seasonal distribution patterns of these species will only be possible when their life history, such as host plants and behavior, was better understood. Keywords: abundance, Alticini, herbivorous insects, distribution pattern, seasonality. LINZMEIER, A.M. & RIBEIRO-COSTA, C.S. Padrão sazonal de Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 13(1): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n1/pt/ abstract?article+bn04013012013 Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os padrões de sazonalidade de Chrysomelidae e de suas espécies dominantes, capturadas em oito locais de diferentes regiões geomorfológicas e florísticas do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas com armadilha Malaise de agosto/1986 a julho/1988. Chrysomelidae apresentou padrão sazonal com picos de abundância na primavera e/ou verão em todos os locais, mas com variações quanto aos meses de maior captura. O fotoperíodo foi a variável com maior influência na sazonalidade de Chrysomelidae e juntamente com a temperatura e umidade relativa, determinaram a maioria dos padrões sazonais da família nos diferentes locais. Algumas das espécies dominantes de Chrysomelidae apresentaram padrão sazonal distinto do observado para a família. O entendimento dos padrões de distribuição das espécies de Chrysomelidae somente será possível quando informações sobre a história de vida, como plantas hospedeiras e comportamento, forem melhor esclarecidas. Palavras-chave: abundância, Alticini, insetos herbívoros, padrão de distribuição, sazonalidade. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n1/en/abstract?article+bn04013012013 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br 154 Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 1 Linzmeier, A.M. & Ribeiro-Costa, C.S. Introduction Materials and Methods The complexity of the habitat is a determinant for the evolution 1. Sampling sites of seasonal adaptations of species (Danks 2007). As habitats also vary in space and time, to know how organisms behave in different Beetles were collected at eight sites located in different environments and the extent of this variation is essential to a complete geomorphologic and floristic regions in the state of Paraná (Figure 1). understanding of seasonal patterns, since these patterns are not always They are as follows: established as imagined (Wolda 1979). Antonina (25° 28’ S and 48° 50’ W): coastal area, at Reserva Among the abiotic variables, photoperiod, temperature and Biológica Sapitanduva, old road from Morretes to Antonina, about rainfall are the main factors that act directly on species seasonal 60 m a.s.l. Site well preserved and fairly representative of the region, activity, besides determining other characteristics that affect the dominated by submontane atlantic rainforest (Veloso & Góes-Filho survival of insects, such as food availability (Wolda 1978a, 1988, 1982). Marinoni & Ganho 2003, Linzmeier & Ribeiro-Costa 2008). The São José dos Pinhais (25° 34’ S and 49° 01’ W): coastal mountain, biotic variables are more complex and difficult to determine because 4 km from km 54 of BR-277, approximately 1,050 m a.s.l. Transitional the organisms interact (e.g., parasitism, predation and competition) area between montane atlantic rainforest and montane Araucaria and the effects of these interactions are dynamic (Danks 2007). These mixed forest (Veloso & Góes-Filho 1982). variables are not always adequately described, but when examined Colombo (25° 20’ S and 49° 14’ W): first plateau, at the property they help clarify the phenological patterns and life strategies of of the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), populations. Highway Curitiba - Adrianópolis, old Road of Ribeira, km 19 (BR- Coleoptera is the most diverse order of insects, with about 360,000 476), approximately 915 m a.s.l. The region is characterized as described species (Bouchard et al. 2009). Beetles occupy a wide range montane Araucaria mixed forest (Veloso & Góes-Filho 1982). of habitats, where they can be predators, herbivores or saprophages. Ponta Grossa (25° 14’ S and 50° 03’ W): second plateau, in the Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Café road, BR-376, km 83, about Among these, the Chrysomelidae stand out as one of the most diverse 880 m a.s.l., where montane Araucaria mixed forest dominates families, with over 36,000 species, most of them occurring in the (Veloso & Góes-Filho 1982). Neotropics (Costa 2000, Bouchard et al. 2009). They are essentially Telêmaco Borba (24° 17’ S and 50° 37’ W): second plateau, herbivorous, feeding preferably on Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, at Reserva Biológica Samuel Klabin, about 4 km from Harmonia, Convolvulaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae (Jolivet 1988, 1992, Jolivet highway Telêmaco Borba - Curiúva, approximately 750 m a.s.l. & Hawkeswood 1995). Mainly for herbivores, climate changes impact Also characterized as montane Araucaria mixed forest (Veloso & both the spatial and temporal dynamics (Netherer & Schopf 2010), Góes-Filho 1982). and in this group, one of the most important factors is the interaction Guarapuava (25° 40’ S and 52° 01’ W): third plateau, at Estância with the host plants, which are also influenced by abiotic factors. Santa Clara, in the valley of Jordão River, about 740 m a.s.l., wedged However, the same factors, climate and host plants, can affect their in a grassland region (Guarapuava fields). Transitional locality populations in different ways in different places. between Araucaria mixed forest and semi-deciduous forest (Veloso Although the Chrysomelidae are a very abundant group in & Góes-Filho 1982). different surveys (Basset & Samuelson 1996, Marinoni & Dutra Jundiaí do Sul (23° 26’ S and 50° 16’ W): second plateau, at Monte 1997, Ganho & Marinoni 2003, Linzmeier et al. 2006, Riedel et al. Verde farm, about 500 m a.s.l. The site is approximately 400 ha of 2007, Linzmeier & Ribeiro-Costa 2012), their seasonality has not mostly primary forest with remaining portions consisting of secondary been addressed. The only study was conducted by Linzmeier & forest with more than 45 years of preservation. It is dominated by Ribeiro-Costa (2008), who reported at one site, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, semi-deciduous forest (Veloso & Góes-Filho 1982). the highest abundances of Chrysomelidae in the spring and summer, Fênix (23° 54’ S and 51° 58’ W): third plateau, at Reserva Estadual probably because of greater food availability and quality. Moreover de Vila Rica, 2 km from Fênix city, approximately 350 m a.s.l. The the