Communities and Students Together (CaST) A state-of-the-art review of Engaged Learning in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom Alexander Chmelka1, Lindsey Anderson2, Eleonora Ferraresi3, Mary Griffith4, Noel Klima5, Courtney Marsh5, Philipp Pohlenz1, Jarkko Rasinkangas6, Tom Ritchie2, Sampo Ruoppila6, Elina Sutela6 1Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (Germany) 2University of Exeter (United Kingdom) 3Università degli Studi di Parma (Italy) 4 Universidad de Málaga (Spain) 5 Universiteit Gent (Belgium) 6Turun Yliopisto (Finland) Please cite as: Chmelka A, Anderson L, Ferraresi E, Griffith M, Klima N, Marsh C, Pohlenz P, Jarkko Rasinkangas, Ritchie T, Ruoppila S and Sutela E (2020). Communities and Students Together (CaST): A state-of-the- art review of Engaged Learning in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Available from www.cast-euproject.eu Page 1 of 144 Contents CaST State-of-the-Art Report – Executive Summary ............................................................................. 4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 4 National perspectives of Engaged Learning in the CaST Partner Countries ........................................ 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1. Literature Review ......................................................................................................................... 10 2. National Contexts ......................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Belgium (Flanders) ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 History of Engaged Learning ................................................................................................ 17 2.1.2 National Policy and Funding Drivers ................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Examples .............................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.2 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 28 2.2 Finland ......................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.2 National policy and funding drivers .................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Institutional and societal drivers ........................................................................................ 31 2.2.4 Examples .............................................................................................................................. 32 2.2.4 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 42 2.3 Germany ...................................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.1 History of Engaged Learning ................................................................................................ 43 2.3.2 National policy and drivers ................................................................................................. 44 2.3.3 Examples .............................................................................................................................. 45 2.3.4 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 50 2.4 Italy.............................................................................................................................................. 51 2.4.1 History of Engaged Learning ................................................................................................ 51 2.4.2 National policies and funding drivers ................................................................................. 51 2.4.3 Institutional and societal drivers ........................................................................................ 52 2.4.4 Examples .............................................................................................................................. 55 2.4.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 69 2.5 Spain ............................................................................................................................................ 71 2.5.1 History of Engaged Learning ................................................................................................ 71 2.5.2 National policy and funding drivers .................................................................................... 71 2.5.3 Institutional and societal drivers ........................................................................................ 73 Page 2 of 144 2.5.4 Examples .............................................................................................................................. 74 2.5.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 82 2.6 United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................... 84 2.6.1 History of Engaged Learning ................................................................................................ 84 2.6.2 National policy and funding drivers .................................................................................... 85 2.6.3 Institutional and societal drivers ........................................................................................ 87 2.6.4 Examples .............................................................................................................................. 88 2.6.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 100 Concluding Summary .......................................................................................................................... 101 References .......................................................................................................................................... 105 Annex 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 116 Overview of Higher Education in the Partner Countries ............................................................... 116 Belgium ....................................................................................................................................... 116 Finland ......................................................................................................................................... 116 Germany ...................................................................................................................................... 117 Italy .............................................................................................................................................. 118 Spain ............................................................................................................................................ 120 United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................... 121 Annex 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 123 Tabular summary of the national context examples .................................................................... 123 Belgium ....................................................................................................................................... 123 Finland ......................................................................................................................................... 126 Germany ...................................................................................................................................... 128 Italy .............................................................................................................................................. 131 Spain ............................................................................................................................................ 135 United Kingdom .......................................................................................................................... 141 Page 3 of 144 Executive Summary CaST State-of-the-Art Report – Executive Summary Introduction In this state of the art review, we explore the concept of Engaged Learning, and the development of this pedagogy globally, with a specific focus on each of the