This Report is dedicated to the memory of Lucy Shoe Meritt 1906–2003 Archaeologist, teacher, patron, friend ISBN 0-9708879-4-9 The Study of ANCIENT TERRITORIES CHERSONESOS & METAPONTO chersonesos � Metaponto � 2003 FIELD REPORT INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Copyright © 2003 Institute of Classical Archaeology The director and staff of The Institute of Classical Archaeology gratefully acknowledge the extraordinary support for operations and projects provided by The Packard Humanities Institute Special thanks to: Non-profit Organizations The Bernard and Audré Rapoport Foundation The Liss Foundation The Brown Foundation The Marian and Speros Martel Foundation The Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies The Rachael & Ben Vaughan Foundation The Global Heritage Foundation The Society of Antiquaries of London The James R. Dougherty, Jr., Foundation The Trust for Mutual Understanding Jo Kurth Jagoda Charitable Fund The World Monuments Fund Governmental Institutions Embassy of Ukraine in the United States of America National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Embassy of the United States of America in Ukraine The National Preserve of Tauric Chersonesos Ministero degli Affari Esteri (Direzione Generale per Regione Basilicata la Promozione e la Cooperazione Culturale) Sevastopol City Administration Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Metaponto Soprintendenza Archeologica della Basilicata, Italy Educational Institutions The University of Texas at Austin Institute of Archaeology, Ukrainian National College of Liberal Arts Academy of Sciences Department of Classics National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv Center for Russian, East European, and Taurian National University, Simferopol Eurasian Studies (CREEES) The University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy Center for Space Research (CSR) Università degli Studi di Lecce School of Information Humanities Research Center (HRC) Individuals Daniel and Nancy Balz Mary Link Malone Jane Bedichek Bert Michelsen L. Dayton Blanchard Kathleen Monahan Mary Leaphart Carter Mr. and Mrs. John O’Connor Dr. William L. Carter Dr. Maconda Brown O’Connor Judy Coker Ralph S. O’Connor Jack Englert, Jr. Bernard Rapoport Sandra Heinrichs Dr. David and Mrs. Jeanne Renison Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Johnson Elizabeth H. Tracey Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Kruger Mr. and Mrs. Ben F. Vaughan III Warren Larson Nancy C. York Dr. and Mrs. Henry Liss ii CONTENTS 1. 2003 IN RETROSPECT ........................................................................................................1 Joseph Coleman Carter, Director, Institute of Classical Archaeology 2. CHERSONESOS Conservation in the City and Chora of Chersonesos .....................................................9 Chris Cleere Chersonesos Structural Survey .....................................................................................25 Chris Cleere & Semih Ercan Conservation of the Basilica (Church) Mosaic ............................................................31 Duygu Cleere GIS at Chersonesos: New Applications for Conservation and Site Management .......33 Jessica Trelogan & Stuart Eve Ukrainian Publications and Preservation of Museum Library and Archives ................39 Glenn Mack Excavation of Insula XXXVI at Chersonesos ...............................................................43 Stanislav Ryzhov Medieval Ceramics from Insula XXXVI ......................................................................53 Olga Andreeva Ceramic Material from the Excavation of Site 151 in the Chora of Chersonesos .......57 Andrei Opait Bezymyannaya: Lithic Industry Analysis .....................................................................61 Eugenia La Rosa Pidtrymka Chersonesu .................................................................................................65 Taissa Bushnell 3. METAPONTO Field Survey of the Metapontino ..................................................................................71 Alberto Prieto 2003 Gradiometer Survey in the Chora of Metaponto ................................................77 Dan Davis The Centro di Agroarcheologia at Pantanello ...............................................................81 Rosetta Torraco 4. PERSONNEL & PUBLICATIONS ...........................................................................................83 Front cover: The central part of the "Church Mosaic" on the grounds of the Preserve Museum (approximately 3.5m2). This image, from July 2003, is a composite of 10 photographs by Shawn Ross, processed in Photoshop by Adela Sobotkova. (See related article, p. 31.) iii THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY MISSION The Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICA) is an Organized Re- search Unit of The University of Texas at Austin. In order to study, document, and preserve sites, monuments, and artifacts of past life for present and future generations, we conduct archaeological field- work and training in ancient Greek rural territories on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. We engage in interdisciplinary research and publication and provide technical assistance and expertise for cultural heritage management. RESEARCH FOCUS ICA’s research focuses primarily on the chorai, or agricultural terri- tories, that surrounded and supported ancient Greek colonial cities. Our two primary sites of research are the chora of Metaponto on the southern coast of Italy and the chora of Chersonesos on the north- ern coast of the Black Sea in Crimea, Ukraine. Both settings offer remarkably well-preserved ancient rural landscapes, once densely occupied by farmers and still containing abundant evidence of their homes, burial grounds, and places of worship. Because their locations were strategically important, they also contain archaeological remains from the Roman through Byzantine eras. Through its research, ICA contributes to a fuller understanding of the settlement, economy, and culture of this previously neglected rural dimension of early western civilization. Metaponto and Chersonesos provide a unique chance to compare rural chorai at opposite ends of the colonial Greek world, as well as a valuable opportunity to train students, foster exchanges, and generate international collaboration and good will. ADJUNCT ORGANIZATIONS The Center for the Study of Ancient Territories (U.S.A.),Pidtrymka Chersonesu (Ukraine), and the Centro di Agroarcheologia Pantanello (Italy) are nonprofit organizations founded to support the mission and goals of ICA. Their special focus is expanding international cooperation for ICA’s projects and ensuring cultural awareness and compliance with local laws. iv 2003 IN RETROSPECT Joseph C. Carter Director, ICA Over the last five years, the Institute of Classical have completed the chapters on the black gloss, Archaeology has developed into a truly global Roman, and post-Roman pottery. The chapters research project. This growth springs from on greyware pottery, coarse ware, cooking ware, advances in technology that have enhanced and transport amphorae, and terracotta figurines are eased the gathering, study, and communication expected in the spring of 2004. of data, and, most especially, from the generous The survey between Bradano and Basento, support of the Packard Humanities Institute, as which began in 1981, has identified more than well as our long-time donors. While the Institute’s 600 archaeological sites. Over 16,000 diagnostic primary staff is based in Austin much of the ceramic fragments and other objects, an average year, activity by collaborators in Ukraine, Italy, of 25 per site, have been collected and stored in England and other parts of the globe continues the Metaponto Museum and ICA’s laboratory in year round. Metaponto, the Banca. Analysis of these fragments While a number of new projects were initiated began early in the survey, but it was not until in 2003, the major focus was on three goals: the the year 2000 that funding from the Packard definitive publication of the Metaponto survey Humanities Institute allowed the ICA team (covering the area between the Bradano and to carry out a detailed study of these materials Basento Rivers), preparation for the nomination and, ultimately, to establish an accurate and of Chersonesos to the UNESCO World Heritage comprehensive typology and chronology of this List, and the publication of Crimean Chersonesos, large collection. While the dates of the survey the first English language book on the rich history artifacts range from the Neolithic (ca. 5000 BC) to and treasures of the National Preserve. These Medieval (ca. 1200 AD), the great majority belongs major undertakings would not have been possible to the period of Greek colonization (700–200 BC), without the skills and rich diversity of talent of representing the countryside and its changing ICA’s team members and the unwavering support settlement patterns in great detail during the five they extend to each other in all endeavors. As centuries that Greek civilization transformed director, it is gratifying to see the hard work of southern Italy into “Magna Graecia.” previous years produce such a talented and able Of particular importance for the chronology of group, as well as an international collaboration settlement is the study of the black gloss pottery, that is producing significant accomplishments. found at nearly every site surveyed in the chora. The results of our shared enterprise can be seen The study of this large body of artifacts was not only in research, publication, and conservation, completed in 2003 by a skilled team of pottery but also