References For Montana Plant Community Field Guide Achuff, P. L. 1989. Old-growth forests of the Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks. Natural Areas Journal 9:12-26. Agee, J. K., and J. Kertis. 1987. Forest types of the north Cascades National Park Service complex. Canadian Journal of Botany 65:1520-1530. Aiken, S. G., M. J. Dallwitz, C. L. McJannet, and L. L. Consaul. 1996 onwards. Festuca of North America: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval, 2nd Version: URL, April 1998. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/. Aiken, S.G. and S. J. Darbyshire. 1990. Fescue Grasses of Canada. Agriculture Canada Publication 1844/E. Aldous, A. E., and H. L. Shantz. 1924. Types of vegetation in the semiarid portion of the United States and their economic significance. Journal of Agricultural Research. 28(2):99-125. Alexander, R. R. 1985. Major habitat types, community types, and plant communities in the Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-123, Fort Collins, CO. 105 pp. Alexander, R. R. 1985. Major habitat types, community types, and plant communities in the Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-123. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 105 pp. Alexander, R. R., G. R. Hoffman, and J. M. Wirsing. 1986. Forest vegetation of the Medicine Bow National Forest in southeastern Wyoming: A habitat type classification. USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-271. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 39 pp. Antos, J. A. 1977. Grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas) Forbes) forests of the Swan Valley, Montana. Unpublished thesis, University of Montana, Missoula. 220 pp. Apfelbaum, S. I. 1985. Cattail (Typha spp.) management. Natural Areas Journal 5(3):9-17. Arno, S. F. 1970. Ecology of alpine larch (Larix lyallii Parlatore) in the Pacific Northwest. Unpublished dissertation, University of Montana, Missoula. 264 pp. Arno, S. F. and T. Weaver. 1990. Whitebark Pine Community Types and Their Patterns on the Landscape. Pages 97-105 in: in Schmidt, W. C. and K. J. McDonald, compilers. Proceedings-Symposium on Whitebark Pine Ecosystems: Ecology and Management of a High-Mountain Resource. March 29-31 1989, Bozeman, MT. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-270. Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT. 386 pp. Arno, S. F., D. G. Simmerman, and R. E. Keane. 1985. Forest succession on four habitat types in western Montana. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-177. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT. 74 pp. Arno, S. F., and J. R. Habeck. 1972. Ecology of alpine larch (Larex lyallii Parlatore) in the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Monographs 42:417-450. Bamberg, S. A. 1961. Plant ecology of alpine tundra area in Montana and adjacent Wyoming. Unpublished dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder. 163 pp. 1 Bamberg, S. A., and J. Major. 1968. Ecology of the vegetation and soils associated with calcareous parent materials in three alpine regions of Montana. Ecological Monographs 38(2):127-167. Barbour, M. G., and W. D. Billings, eds. 1988. North American terrestrial vegetation. Cambridge University Press, New York. 434pp. Barrows, J. S., E. W. Mogren, K. Rowdabaugh, and R. Yancik. 1977. The role of fire in ponderosa pine and mixed conifer ecosystems. Final report, Cooperative report between the National Park Service and Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 101 pp. Beetle, A. A., and K. L. Johnson. 1982. Sagebrush in Wyoming. Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 779. University of Wyoming, Laramie. Bell, K. L., and L. C. Bliss. 1979. Autecology of Kobresia bellardii: Why winter snow accumulation limits local distribution. Ecological Monographs 49(4):377-402. Billings, W. D. 1969. Vegetational pattern near alpine timberline as affected by fire-snowdrift interactions. Vegetatio 19:192-207. Bissell, J. K. 1973. Geomorphological influence on vegetation in northwest Wyoming. Unpublished thesis, University of Wyoming, Laramie. Bliss, L.C. 1956. A comparison of plant development in microenvironments of arctic and alpine tundras. Ecological Monographs 26:303-337. Boggs, K., P. Hansen, R. Pfister, and J. Joy. 1990. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwestern Montana. Draft version I. Report prepared for the Montana Riparian Association and Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula. 216 pp. Bonham, C. D. and R. T. Ward. 1970. Phytosociological relationships in alpine tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.) meadows. Arctic and Alpine Research 2(4):267-275. Bourgeron, P. S., and L. D. Engelking, eds. 1994. A preliminary vegetation classification of the western United States. Unpublished report by The Nature Conservancy, Western Heritage Heritage Task Force. Boulder, CO. 175 pp. Bowers, J. E. 1982. The plant ecology of inland dunes in western North America. Journal of Arid Environments 5:199-220. Bowns, J.E. and C.F. Bagley. 1986. Vegetation responses to long term sheep grazing on mountain ranges. Journal of range management. 39:431-434. Bramble-Brodahl, M. K. 1978. Classification of Artemisia vegetation in the Gros Ventre area, Wyoming. M.S. Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow. Branson, F. A., R. F. Miller and I. S. McQueen. 1967. Geographic distribution and factors affecting the distribution of salt desert shrubs in the United States. Journal of Range Management 29(5):287-296. Brayshaw, T. C. 1965. The dry forest of southern British Columbia. Pages 65-75 in: V. J. Krajina, ed., Ecology of western North America, Volume I. University of British Columbia, Department of Botany. Brown, R. W. 1971. Distribution of plant communities in southeastern Montana badlands. The American Midland Naturalist 85(2):458-477. Burgess, R. L., W. C. Johnson, and W. R. Keammerer. 1973. Vegetation of the Missouri river floodplain in North Dakota. Department of Botany, North Dakota State University, Fargo. Burgess, R. L. 1965. A study of plant succession in the sandhills of southeastern North Dakota. Proceedings-North Dakota Academy of Science 19:62-80. 2 Burkhardt, J. W. and E. W. Tisdale. 1969. Nature and successional status of western juniper vegetation in Idaho. Journal of Range Management 22:264-270. Burkhardt, J. W. and E. W. Tisdale. 1976. Causes of juniper invasion in southwestern Idaho. Ecology 57:472-484. Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala, technical coordinators. 1990. Silvics of North America, Vol. 1, Coniferous. Agriculture Handbook 654, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. 675 pp. Bursik, R. J. and R. K. Moseley. 1995. Ecosystem conservation strategy for Idaho Panhandle peatlands. Idaho Panhandle NFS/IDCDC Idaho Department of Fish and Game Cooperative Cost Share Project. 28 pp. Butler, D. R. 1979. Snow avalanche path terrain and vegetation, Glacier National Park, Montana. Arctic and Alpine Research 11:17-32. Caicco, S. L. 1983. Alpine vegetation of the Copper Basin area, south-central Idaho. Unpublished thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow. 99 pp. Caicco, S. L. and C. A. Wellner. 1983. Research Natural Area recommendation for Southwest Lemhi Range. Unpublished report prepared for USDI, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho Falls District, Idaho by Idaho Natural Areas Coordinating Committee. On file at Idaho Conservation Data Center, Boise, ID. Caicco, S. L. and C. A. Wellner. 1983. Research Natural Area recommendation for St. Anthony Sand Dunes. Unpublished report prepared for USDI, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho Falls District, Idaho by Idaho Natural Areas Coordinating Committee. 10 pp. Chadwick, H. W. and P. D. Dalke. 1965. Plant succession on dune sands in Fremont County, Idaho. Ecology 46:765-780. Chappell, C., R. Crawford, J. Kagan, and P. J. Doran. 1997. A vegetation, land use, and habitat classification system for the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of Oregon and Washington. Unpublished report prepared for: Wildlife habitat and species associations within Oregon and Washington landscapes: Building a common understanding for management. Prepared by Washington and Oregon Natural Heritage Programs, Olympia WA., and Portland, OR. 177 pp. Clausnitzer, R. R. and B. A. Zamora. 1987. Forest habitat types of the Colville Indian Reservation. Unpublished report prepared for the Department of Forest and Range Management, Washington State University, Pullman. Coenenberg, J. G. and E. J. Depuit. 1979. Baseline wildlife studies, Crow Coal Lease, Southeastern Montana, 1975-1978. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Recreational Research Unit, Bozeman, Montana. 133 pp. Collins, E. I., R. W. Lichvar and E. F. Evert. 1984. Description of the only known fen-palsa in the 48 contiguous United States. Arctic and Alpine Research 16:255-258. Comer, P. (editor), L. Allen, S. Cooper, D. Faber-Langendoen, and G. Jones. 1998. Selected Shrubland and Grassland Communities of the Northern Great Plains. Report to the Nebraska National Forest. The Nature Conservancy, Boulder. CO. Cooper, S. V. 1975. Forest habitat types of northwestern Wyoming and contiguous portion of Montana and Idaho. Unpublished dissertation, Washington State University, Pullman. 190 pp. Cooper, S. V. and B. L. Heidel. 1997. Population status and ecology of trembling aspen and black cottonwood communities on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. Prepared for the Blackfeet Nation-Fish and Wildlife Department and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. Cooper,