بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies College of Languages Presenting the Linguistic and Exegetic Characteristics of the Qur'anic Text and the Translations of Its Meanings in a Meaningful Bilingual Platform Using the Concept and Mind Mapping Techniques استخدام اخلرائط املفاهيمية واخلرائط الذهنية لعرض اخلصائص اللغوية والتفسريية للنص القرآني مصحوبا ً برتمجة معانيه يف قالب ثنائي اللغة غين باملعنى A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Language (Applied Linguistics) Submitted by Mohammad Awad Alkareem Mohammad Allibaih Supervised by Prof. Mahmoud Ali Ahmed Omar 2020 Qur'anic Mapping 1 Hadith 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud narrated "The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) drew a square line (on the ground) for us, and in the middle of the (square) line he drew another line, and he drew another line going out of the (square) line. Around the one that was in the middle, he drew (various) lines. Then he said: 'This is the son of Adam, and this is his life-span encircling him, and this one in the middle is the person, and these lines are his obstacles, if he escapes this one, this one ensnares him, and the line extending outside is his hope.’” Vol. 4, Book 11, Hadith 2454 Hope tacles Life spanLife Obstacles Obs The Person Figure 1 A mind map inspired by the above hadeeth of Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W) A | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping 2 Dedication This work is dedicated to Prophet Mohammad (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.), his noble companions, my great parents (May they rest in peace), and to my family. B | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping 3 Acknowledgements All thanks and praise are due to Allah “… To Him is [due all] praise in the first [life] and the Hereafter. And His is the [final] decision, and to Him you will be returned.”1 Who has chosen me to deliver His holy words and provided me with the resources and power to achieve this goal and make my dream come true. My sincere thanks and gratitude are extended to Prof. Mahmoud Ali Ahmed Omer for his invaluable support, cooperation, and guidance as to accomplish this work the way it is now. Especial thanks are due to Prof. Abdul-Majeed Al-Tayib from Umm AL-Qurah University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia for his generous support and encouragement. 1 Surat AL-Qasas, verse 70 (Q.28:70) C | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping 4 Key words The Holy Qur'an Qur'anic Maps Concept Maps Mind Maps Topical Classification Multiple Intelligences Linguistics Linguistic Phenomena D | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping 5 Abstract Means of presenting the Qur'anic text enjoy everlasting efforts to develop and meet the greatness and high status the holy Qur'an maintains. Consequently, this study aims at shedding light on the virtual relationship between the general concept of the Qur'anic mapping techniques and some of the resulting theories of linguistics on the one hand, and between the general concept of the Qur'anic mapping techniques and the theory of Multiple intelligences, on the other hand. The concept of the Qur'anic mapping is to facilitate meaning conveyance, embody concepts, and re-present the Qur'anic discourse in an understandable and comprehensible manner. Therefore, thinking of how the Qur'anic reader will absorb the new representation of the Qur'anic discourse, was a main issue in the Qur'anic mapping process. The resulting linguistic phenomena and the reflected relationship between the Qur'anic maps and the theory of Multiple intelligences were discussed in a detailed manner. The researcher utilizes XMind 7 (v3.6.0.R- 201511090408) software in the designing of the Qur'anic maps. The Qur'anic maps take a hybrid design of concept maps and mind maps with the original Arabic Qur'anic text and the English translation of its meanings manipulated. The current study introduces itself as a foundation for a newer domain of research based on a decent association between Qur'anic exegesis and its topical classification, concept mapping, the various theories of linguistics, and the theory of Multiple Intelligences. The study also provides an opportunity for other studies to explore more linguistic theories and other observations regarding Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences not mentioned in this study. E | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping المستخلص 6 تتمتع وسائل عرض النص القرآني بمحاوﻻ ت مستدامة لتطويرها حتى تتناسب مع المكانة العالية التي يتمتع بها القرآن الكريم. لذا هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إلقاء الضوء على العﻻقة اﻻفتراضية بين المفهوم العام لتقنية رسم الخرائط القرآنية وبين بعض نظريات علم اللغو يات، من ناحية، وبين المفهوم العام لتقنية رسم الخرائط القرآنية وبين نظرية الذكاءات المتعددة، من ناحية أخرى. ويقوم مفهوم الخرائط الذهنية على تسهيل نقل المعني، وتجسيد المفاهيم، وإعادة عرض النص القرآني بطريقة سهلة الفهم واﻻستيعاب. لذلك كان التفكير في كيفية اس تيعاب قارئ القرآن الكريم للطريقة الجديدة لعرض النص القرآن ي أ ح د ا ل غا يا ت ا ل ها م ة ج دا ف ي ع مل ي ة ر س م ا ل خ را ئ ط ا ل ق رآ ن ي ة . ت نا ول ت ه ذ ه الدراسة بالتفصيل الظواهر اللغوية الناتجة عن استخدام الخرائط الذهنية وكذلك العﻻقة بين الخرائط القرآنية ونظرية الذكاءات المتعددة. وق د استخدم الباحث برنام ج (XMind 7 v3.6.0.R-201511090408) لتصميم الخرائط القرآنية. وتأخذ الخرائط القرآنية ت ص م ي ما ه ج ي نا ي ج م ع ب ي ن ا ل خ را ئ ط ا ل م فا ه ي م ي ة وا ل خ را ئ ط ا ل ذ ه ن ي ة م ت ض م ن ة ا ل ن ص ا ل ق رآ ن ي اﻷصلي باللغة ا ل ع ر ب ي ة م ص ح و با با ل ت ر ج م ة ا ﻹ ن جل ي ز ي ة ل م عا ن ي ه . و ت ق د م ه ذ ه ا ل دراسة نفسها كحجر زاوية لمجال جديد من البحث العلمي الذي يقوم على ربط أنيق بين تفسير القرآن الكريم والتصنيف الموضوعي له، والخرائط المفاهيمية، ونظريات اللغويات المختلفة، ونظرية الذكاءات المتعددة. وهي بذلك تتيح الفرصة للباحثين والدارسين للقيام بدراسات أخرى ﻻستكشاف نظريات لغوية أخرى ومﻻحظات أخرى متعلقة بنظرية هاورد جاردنر- نظرية الذكاءات المتعددة - لم ت ت نا ول ها أ ي م ن فصول الدراسة الحالية. F | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping 7 Table of Contents Page 1 Hadith ......................................................................................................................... A 2 Dedication ................................................................................................................... B 3 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... C 4 Key words ................................................................................................................... D 5 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... E F المستخلص 6 7 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ G 8 List of Figures ............................................................................................................... J 9 Chart of Arabic Letters .................................................................................................. L 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 2 1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Background of the Study ............................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 The Qur'anic Maps ................................................................................................ 4 1.2.2 Definitions of the Holy Qur’an .............................................................................. 4 1.2.3 The use of concept and mind maps in the current study (The Qur'anic Maps).... 5 1.2.4 Conceptual Chaining in the inter-verse level within a single surah of the Holy Qur’an 6 1.2.5 Strange Translations (Shackle Meanings) ............................................................. 6 1.3 Statement of the study problem ................................................................................... 7 1.4 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Questions of the Study .................................................................................................. 8 1.6 Hypotheses of the Study ............................................................................................... 8 1.7 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................... 8 1.8 Limits of the Study ........................................................................................................ 9 1.9 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 9 1.9.1 Technical level ....................................................................................................... 9 1.9.2 Textual and conceptual levels ............................................................................... 9 1.10 Organization of the Study ........................................................................................... 10 2 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 13 2.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 The Importance of Concept Maps, Mind Maps, and Graphic Organizers .................. 13 2.3 Definition and Typology of Qur'anic Computation and Digitization ........................... 14 G | P a g e Qur'anic Mapping 2.4 Ontology