MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka The Project for Development Planning for the Urgent Rehabilitation of the Resettlement Community in Mannar District FINAL REPORT MAY 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency M&Y Consultants Co., Ltd. Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. EID JR 12 – 116 6 C:??G: , + 9 982 4,63, 6 0 Wbggnb , / 40106/ 5 1 + 6FGI@?GE 7GFKAE=? ,G?; DBEBGH<A<AB 3 Xjljnodidij -FG>?G <?IL??E 7GFKAE=? 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WXb_X`X^ VZX^kXZ^ Vk^`Xb_h`Xa QXbX`_h`Xa Vg]hiXkXb_h`Xa 4A==7C7G7@@< N^XbgKf UXb_ QXZ]h Pc``Xef^eh__h`Xa RXbXZZXb ShiXeXfXb_XbZX` Qhehb_Xb QX`XiXeXkXb_XZZX^XZXadXb Pci^g_h`Xa Le^ddh SXb^__XXd[ggXb_h`Xa W[ddXb_h`Xa O`XbgX^__h`Xa SXbbX^i[ZZhiXb L_Xgg^he^ddh 67GF@<I7 -<DEC<8E T^`XiXggheX^ M]^bbX__hbY]h__h`Xa UXbZ`__h`Xa QhfX`^ L_Xgg^__h`Xa RXiXZXbgX`ih PcbZX^Y]Y]^ S[e^kX_hbY]h__h`Xa Sh`^XZ^acZZ^dh`Xih S[e^kXahe^ddh +@FC79;7BFC7 -<DEC<8E PXeXZ^__h`^ QXe^Y]Y]h__XZZ^ Qh``^__h`Xa 4FEE7>7? -<DEC<8E 17@@7C -<DEC<8E rns pxwy{vztwzy pxo qzuo Map of Target GN Divisions DS/ AGA GN Division Village Division Mannar Periyakulam (122) Town Sirukkulam (130) 01 Parapankandal (272) Adaikalamoddai (9) Palaithalvu (13) Nanaddan 02 Cheddiyarmagan Kaddaiadampan (81) Cheddiyarmagan Kaddaiadampan (81) Madhu Vilathikulam (88) 03 Vilathikulam (93) Ampadda Illupaikulam (5) Parasankulam (45) 04 Parasankulam (153) Sinna Valayankaddu & Periya Valayankaddu (108) Manthai Sewa Village (34) West 05 Vellankulam (160) Ganeshapuram (86) Vellankulam (40) Thevanpiddy (87) 06 Thevanpiddy (206) Puthukadu (120) Pali Aru (95) 07 Pali Aru (330) Moonrampiddy (210) Theththavaady (16) Illupaikadavai (127) Padakuthurai (0) 08 Illupaikadavai (195) Kaddaduvayal (8) Muthaliyarkamam (8) Parankikamam (53) 09 Anthoniyarpuram (134) Anthoniyarpuram (134) 10 Nedunkandal (114) Nedunkandal (114) Kannaddy (62) Chalampan (56) 11 Kannaddy (311) Neduvarambu (183) Maruthonduvan Velakulam (10) ( ): Number of households as of the end of September 2011 The Project for Development Planning for the Urgent Rehabilitation of Final Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Resettlement Community in Mannar District Summary SUMMARY Part I: Outline of the Project and Project Area after Resettlement of IDPs Chapter 1 Outline of the Project Background of the Project: The nearly 30-year-long conflict ended in May 2009. More than 260,000 civilians were displaced due to the conflict. Those Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who had been accommodated in various IDP camps started to return to their own villages in October 2009. Although the conflict has been terminated, there are many urgent issues to be tackled to promote resettlement of the IDPs. It is essential to assist the IDPs in rebuilding their lives and livelihoods and resettling in their own villages in northern Sri Lanka, where the severe military confrontation took place, in order to share the peace dividends fairly among the people affected by the conflict and not to widen the socio-economic disparity. Towards this end, Japan lays stress on its assistance in rehabilitation and reconstruction of the facilities that benefit the regions and communities affected by the conflicts. Along the direction, in April 2010, the “Project for Development Planning for the Urgent Rehabilitation of the Resettlement Community in Mannar District” (hereinafter called the Project) was commenced by the JICA Project Team. Objectives of the Project: The objectives of the Project are as follows: (1) To formulate a Road Map to promote rehabilitation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and of socio-economic activities in Mannar District. (2) To implement the Pilot Projects and to reflect the feedback of lessons learned from the projects to the Road Map. Key Principle of the Project: The Project is planned to bridge the gap and to promote a smooth shift from emergency humanitarian relief to development activities by presenting the above-mentioned Road Map for the rehabilitation/ reconstruction phase. It is suggested that the Road Map will be utilized by the central, provincial and district administration of Sri Lanka as a tool to properly set the priorities for reconstruction and development of Mannar District and to negotiate with donors on necessary assistance in accordance with the set priorities. The Road Map is formulated through the following process. i Final Report The Project for Development Planning for the Urgent Rehabilitation of _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Summary The Resettlement Community in Mannar District Pilot Projects Survey on the condition of the Project Area after IDPs' Resettlement (Socio-economic Framework) Review of the past Framing the projects/ assistance strategies and Needs Selection Implementation Evaluation on IDPs approaches for Assessment Formulation of Promotion of the Road Map IDPs' Rehabilitation Plan for the Resettlement North Identification of Baseline Endline the needs of IDPs and survey survey Rehabilitation and Development needs Verification process of the strategies and approaches of the area 1st Step 2nd Step 3rd Step 4th Step Strategies: Taking lessons learned from the past experiences and the ground situation of Mannar District, the following strategies are framed for the Project. (1) Assistance based on the needs (2) Rehabilitation process with the scope for sustainable development (3) Connectedness to the government/ local systems Target Area of the Project and Project Period: The Project target area is Mannar District. The Project period to implement Pilot Projects and formulate the Road Map is 30 months, from April 2010 until September 2012. Chapter 2 Condition of the Project Area after Resettlement of IDPs General Conditions of Mannar District after the Conflict*: Demographic and natural data, and information on (1) livelihood and land use, (2) social services and related infrastructure such as water supply, road and transport, electricity supply, health and education, and (3) economic activities and related infrastructure such as agriculture, livestock, irrigation, fisheries and cooperatives were gathered and analyzed to clarify the prioritized issues in the Project area. Status and Progress of IDP Resettlement: Since the Government had commenced the ‘Accelerated Returns Programme’ on 22 October 2009, the IDPs of Mannar District started to return to their original places according to the demining status, mainly from Manik Farm in * Data and information presented in this chapter were mainly gathered during the initial survey conducted from May to November 2010. ii The Project for Development Planning for the Urgent Rehabilitation of Final Report _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Resettlement Community in Mannar District Summary Vavuniya. In November 2010, the Government declared the end of the official return process of IDPs from Manik Farm to Mannar District. Socio-Economic Classification of the DS/ AGA Divisions: Based on the information on social services, economic activities and external assistance gathered and analyzed by the Project Team, the socio-economic status as well as the degree of external assistance of the respective Divisional Secretary (DS)/ Assistant Government Agent (AGA) Divisions in Mannar District were classified and a socio-economic framework that includes development potentials and disincentives of the Divisions was formulated. Review of the Past Projects/ Assistance for IDPs: Some of the important lessons learned from the past experiences of supporting the IDPs are: (1) Need of a strategy for sustainable development (2) Attention to the process for capacity development of the target people/ organizations (3) Importance of collaboration with the government institutions Rehabilitation Plan for the North and Assistance for IDPs: Since June 2009, to resettle the families within a short space of time, “Vaddakkin Vasantham (Northern Spring)” has been planned and carried out by the Presidential Task Force (PTF). The Joint Plan for Assistance for the Northern Province (JPA) 2011 and 2012 were formulated to facilitate resettlement of IDPs and to ensure the long-term sustainable development of the Northern Province. Development Priorities of Sri Lanka, prepared by the Department of National Planning, is not a specific plan for the North but encompasses the entire country. However, targets in each sector presented in the paper need to be referred to in the rehabilitation/ reconstruction and development activities in the North since they are national targets for the whole country. Emergency humanitarian relief and assistance such as rehabilitation of village infrastructure and livelihoods has been rendered to IDP returnees by various organizations besides the Government’s own efforts.