% IJS . n / 02 ' HOUSE ARCHITECTURE. BY J. J. STEVENSON, FELLOW OP THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OP BRITISH ARCHITECTS. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. ARCHITECTURE. ^oniwn : MAOMILLAN AND CO. 1880. 173 n . /C2 r LONDON: PBINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMroBD STRUCT AMD CHARING CliOSH. PEE FACE. I began this book ten years ago during an interval in the practice of my profession. Many causes have delayed its completion, foremost among which was a sense of the inadequacy and imperfection of what I had written. The constant engagements of an architect made it difficult for me to give to the book the time needed to make it satis factory. At the same time I was unwilling to lose the labour and the cost already expended. A consequence of the time the writing of the book has occupied is that many of the views it advocates, which were unusual when they were written, are now current and fashionable. I believe that the book may still be useful. Though inadequate, it is not, I hope, misleading. Throughout it, while stating my own opinions, I have tried to give the reader data for judging The illustrations for himself. have been one cause of the delay in publishing. They are all from wood blocks, which give more satisfactory results than some modern processes, not being liable to the imperfect printing of the lines in parts which is apt to occur in these. Most of the illustrations have been drawn on the wood by Mr. H. W. Brewer, some from my own sketches, but the greater part from his. The illustration of the Colosseum at Rome was drawn on the wood The for drawings me by Mr. have Mac been Whirter, cut on A.R.A. the wood by several engravers, including Mr. Cooper, Mr. Walmsley, Mr. Morison, Miss MacLaren, and Mr. Pitt, Miss Bateman, and a 3 VI PREFACE. some others on the staff of the ' Graphic,' to all of whom I feel under obligation for the careful way in which the cuts have been executed. I venture to think that some of them deserve a high place among modern examples of the art of wood I am engraving. indebted for the use of a number of the cuts to the kindness of the Proprietors of the ' Graphic,' to Mr. George Godwin of the • Builder,' and to Mr. James Parker of Oxford for those from his father's work on ' English Domestic Architecture in the Middle Ages,' and the examples of the Orders from Rickman's ' Gothic Architecture.' In two or three cases where the same cut illustrates different parts of the text, I have repeated it to save the reader the trouble of looking it up in a different part of the book. The Ked House, Bayswater Hill, December, 1879. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. CHAPTER I. PAGE Introductory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 CHAPTER II. What Constitutes Good Architecture? .. .. .. .. .. 25 CHAPTER III. The Conditions necessary for CHAPTER producing IV. Good Architecture .. 70 What Style or Architecture CHAPTER is most suitable V. for our Houses? .. 119 Gothic Architecture 123 CHAPTER VI. Greek Architecture 185 CHAPTER VII. Classical or Renaissance Architecture 19<j CHAPTER VHI. The Renaissance in Florence and Sienna 217 Vlll CONTENTS OF VOL. I. CHAPTER IX. PACE The Renaissance in Rome CHAPTER X. 222 Venetian Renaissance .... .. ,. .. .. .. .. 225 CHAPTER XI. The Renaissance in France 238 CHAPTER XII. The Renaissance in Germany CHAPTER and the Low XIII. Countries .. .. 258 The Renaissance in England CHAPTER .. XIV. .. .. .. .. .. 284 The Renaissance in Scotland 350 CHAPTER XV. Conclusion 380 LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I. NO. PA0» Carolinen-Strass, Nuremberg •• .. .. .. .. Frontispiece. 2.1. ShedTilquhillie for ladders Castle, at Aberdeenshire Hochberg, near . Wurtzburg .. ... ... ... .. 2228 3. Eock-hcwn Architecture, Petra ..' .. .. .. .. .. 30 5.4. 6, Houses 7 and at 8. Minister Different .. modes .. of architectural ..treatment .. .. of the .. front of.. 36 a House 38,39 9. House opposite the Cathedral at Augsburg .. .. .. .. 40 10. Old House in the High Street, Glasgow .. .. .. .. .. 41 11.12. HouseTowers on near the the Walls Town at Hall, Nuremberg Nuremberg . ... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 4245 13. Borthwick Castle 40 18.14. 15,Wall 16 decoration and 17. Architectural in Chapter House, Ornaments Burnham : fret, Abbeychevron, .. lines and.. dots .. 4750 21.22.19. BomanEgyptianGreek J. Mac Architecture. Architecture. Whirter, Architecture. Esq., — — Temple The — A.B.A Temple Colosseum at Psestum, of Karnac at Bome. Magna ..— From Grecia .. a drawing .... by .... 695256 22. Gothic Architecture.— View in Westminster Abbey. — From a drawing byB. J. Johnson, Esq., F.B.I.B.A 62 24.25.23. 26. GableBenaissance Sections at Nuremberg ofArchitecture. round and —pointed .. Church .. Waggon of St. .. Eticnne Vaults .. du Mont,.... .. Paris .. ..... 118128 66 27,30. 28 Church and 29. roofed Bound with and pointed pointed Waggon Domes, Vault plan and .. sections .. .. .. .... 129128 31. Church with Groined Vaulting .. .. .. .. .. .. 130 32. Plan of Vaulting, square in plan 131 33. 31. in View Aisles and .. plan of ..Vaulting, .. .. oblong in.. plan ..in Nave, .. and .. square .. 132 35. Bound-headed window under pointed Vault .. .. .. .. 133 36. Groining without ribs . .. .. .. .. 137 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I. PIO. PACE 37. Romanesque House at Boppart on the Rhine. —From the ' Builder '. 144 38. Goliath House, Ratisbon .. 145 89. Gothic Street in Ratisbon .. 148 40. House of the Musicians at Rheims .. .. .. .. 150 41. Markenfield Architecture Hall, of the Yorkshire Middle Ages — From ' Parker's ' English Domestic 151 42. Decorated Window, under level Cornice .. 152 43. Perpendicular Window, under level Cornice 152 44. House of Jacques Cceur at Bourges 154 45. Plans of Vaulting showing development 160 46. Vaulting of the Crossing, St. George's Chapel, Windsor. — From the 'Graphic' .. 101 47. Morton Hall, Cheshire 165 48. Corner Oriel at Augsburg.— From the ' Builder ' 169 49. Gothic House at Boppart on the Rhine. — From the * Builder ' 176 50. The Nassauer House, Nuremberg.. 177 51. Hohenzollern 184 52. Grecian Rickman'sandof Oxford.) the Doric. other ' Gothic — Templeillustrations Architecture,' of Theseus, of the I am Greek Athens. indebted and (ForRoman to Mr. the James Orders use Parker, of from this 186 53. Grecian Doric. — Temple of Apollo at Delos . 187 54. Grecian Ionic. — Erechtheum, Athens 180 55. „„ Temple on the Ilissus .. 180 50. The Corinthian Order.— Temple of Vesta, Tivoli 190 57. The „ Composite „ Order. „ — Arch Temple of Scptiinius of Jupiter Severus, Olympus, Rome Athens 190 58. 101 59. The Erecthoum, Athens 191 60. Arch of Hadrian, Athens .. 204 61. The Custom House, King's Lynn 206 02. TheRoman Black Capital Gate, carved Treves in brick 207 03. 208 01. Amresbury, principal front .. 209 05. Roman Doric. — Theatre of Marcellus, Rome 210 00. Roman Ionic. — Aqueduct of Hadrian, Athens . 211 07. „ „ Temple of Fortuna Virilis, Rome 211 08. Nicollini Palace, Florence .. 210 GO. House in Via d 'Bianchi, Romo 223 70. Small Gothic House at Venico 226 71. Vandramini Palaco, Venice 228 LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I. xi no. paoe 72. Cornaro Palace, Venice .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 230 73. Staircase in the Ducal Palace, Venice .. .. .. .. .. 232 75.74.76.77. ChateauJacquesPesaroCh&teau Palace, Cceur's ded'Azy-le-Rideau, Thery Venice House at Bourges, Indrc-et-Loire .. .. plan of .. Ground-floor .... .... ...... .. .... 239243245234 78. House at Orleans 248 79,80.81. Houses Gables at Minister, at Nuremberg Westphalia .. .. .. .. .. .. 259261 82.83. StreetHouses in on Landshut, the Pegnitz, Bavaria Nuremberg .. .. .. ., .. 266264 84.85.86. OrielInnBishop's at Window Kriegshabcn, House, at Wiirzburg Freiburg near Augsburg in Breisgau .. ...... ...... .. .... ...... ...... 267268269 87.88. NewHouse Miinsterhof at Wiirzburg Wiirzburg .. .. .. .. .. .. 273272 89. Tower of the Rathhaus, Mannheim .. .. .. .. .. 274 92.93.91.90. OldLongleat,HousesWooden House in House Wiltshire. theat Lucerne Market at Hildesheim — FromPlace, an Brussels old .. print .... ...... .. .... .. .... ...... 283275281280 94.95. 96. InteriorChimney-pieceYork Gate, in old a Landing-place House in old inHouse Limo onin Stroet. Limo tho Thames — Street. From — tho From .. ' Graphic the .. ' Graphic " .... ' ...... 291293290 101. 97. 98, St. 99John's and College,100. Amresbury, Oxford, second plans andquad elevations .. .. .... .... .. 304-5 308 102.103.104. Market-Cross,SteepleOld Wren) Merchant of St. Magnus,Taylors'Peterborough School,London dosigned Bridge by(designed Wren, Street by Sir Front. Christopher — From 312318 the 'Graphic* 319 105.106. MerchantSchool-room Taylors' of Merchant School, Taylors' Playing School— Court.— FromDitto tho 'Graphic' .. 321320 107.108.110.109.111. KewOldSt.Cowper'sDrapers' Catherine's Bedlam, Palace Almhouses, House Central College, at Olncy.— block Margate Cambridge From .. the ' Graphic .. ..' .. .. .. 327330333335329 112. Redington Rectory 337 113. Town Hall, South Shields .. .. , 338 xu LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I. FIO. PAGE 114. Custom Houso, King's Lynn .. .. .. .. .. .. 339 115. Montague House — the old British Museum .. .. .. .. 340 116. Old Street in London .; .. .. 341 117,120. 118 Tilquhillie and 119. Castle, Doorways Aberdeenshire in Essex Street, Strand.. 342-3 352 121. Courtyard of House at Linlithgow .. .. .. .. .. 353 122. Borthwick Castle .; ; 358 126.123.124.125. OldNewarkScotch HousoGlasgow Castle Castle, in University,High on the Street, Clyde north Glasgow side of inner Court .. .. .. 359361362363 131.130.127.129.128. PartOrdinary of „„„ House Classic in Housethe „„„ High thesouthStair Street, Fore to and ForeEdinburgh Hall west Hall sides of inner Court .. 37G374372366369 TO HOUSE build a house CHAPTERARCHITECTURE. for INTRODUCTORY. oneself is an I. excellent education in architecture. By the time it is finished, and the owner has lived in it, he feels how much better a house he could build with the experience he has acquired, if he had to do it over again. While the work is going on his attention is called to questions he had never thought of before, which are now of the greatest interest to him. He examines the houses of his friends, and discovers features in them which he wishes, when too late, he had introduced in his own plans. The designs are altered and the cost increased.