SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF ORGANISATION CULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM LIBYAN PORTS MOHAMED ATIG AHMED Ph.D. Thesis 2020 SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF ORGANISATION CULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM LIBYAN PORTS MOHAMED ATIG AHMED School of the Built Environment University of Salford, Salford, UK Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS: Table of Contents: ..................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures: ......................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables: .......................................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... viii DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviation: ................................................................................................................................. x Abstract: .................................................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1 : Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rationale ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Problem ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Aim and Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Contribution to Knowledge ........................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Significance of Thesis .................................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Following figure disrcive the overall structure of this thesis that would lead to achieve research objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2 : Supply Chain Management ................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Supply Chain Management concept: .......................................................................................... 12 2.2 Supply Chain Management Components: ................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Supply Chain Activities or Operations: ................................................................................ 20 2.2.2 Supply Chain Determinants: ................................................................................................ 20 2.2.3 Supply Chain Structure: ....................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Supply chain objectives: .............................................................................................................. 22 2.4 Elements of Supply Chain Management success: ....................................................................... 22 2.5 Supply Chain Management Importance: .................................................................................... 24 2.6 Prerequisites for supply chain management: ............................................................................. 26 2.6.1 Customer Satisfaction: ......................................................................................................... 26 2.6.2 Inventory: ............................................................................................................................. 26 2.6.3 Flexibility: ............................................................................................................................ 27 2.7 Dimensions of Supply Chain Management practices: ................................................................. 27 2.7.1 Strategic Relations with Suppliers: ...................................................................................... 27 i 2.7.2 Suppliers' Evaluation: ........................................................................................................... 29 2.7.3 Suppliers' Development: ...................................................................................................... 30 2.7.4 Negotiations: ........................................................................................................................ 30 2.8 Customer Relationship: ............................................................................................................... 31 2.9 Level of Information Sharing: ...................................................................................................... 32 2.10 Quality of Information Sharing:................................................................................................. 33 2.11 Outsourcing: .............................................................................................................................. 34 2.12 Transportation and storage: ..................................................................................................... 34 2.12.1 Distribution and Processing: .............................................................................................. 34 2.12.2 Packaging: .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.13 Internal Lean Practices: ............................................................................................................. 35 2.14 Just in Time Production (JIT): .................................................................................................... 35 2.15 Postponement: .......................................................................................................................... 36 2.16 Strategies for postponement: ................................................................................................... 36 2.16.1 Delay Collection Activity: ................................................................................................. 36 2.17 Content and nature of risk in the supply chain: ........................................................................ 37 2.17.1 Environmental Risks: ......................................................................................................... 41 2.17.2 Industry Risks:.................................................................................................................... 41 2.17.3 Regulatory Risks: ............................................................................................................... 41 2.17.4 Problem Specific Risk: ....................................................................................................... 41 2.17.5 Decision Maker Risk: ......................................................................................................... 41 2.18 Supply chain risk types identified by researchers: .................................................................... 43 2.19 Supply chain risk management: ................................................................................................ 45 2.19.1 Postponement: .................................................................................................................... 46 2.19.2 Speculation: ........................................................................................................................ 47 2.19.3 Hedging: ............................................................................................................................. 47 2.19.4 Outsourcing: ....................................................................................................................... 47 Chapter 3 : Organisational Culture ........................................................................................................ 48 3.1.1 Culture in a Broader Social Context: ................................................................................... 49 3.1.2 Organisational Culture Defined and it`s Role in Organisations: .......................................... 49 3.1.3 Organisational Culture Models: ........................................................................................... 50 3.1.4 Organisational Culture and the Supply Chain: ..................................................................... 52 3.2 Development of the concept of risk management in SCRM: ...................................................... 54 3.2.1 Determining the Main Concepts: ......................................................................................... 54 3.2.2