Platzhalter, damit als PDF das Dokument in 2-Seiten Ansicht gelesen werden kann. Original und zum Druck ab Seite 2. Series 32000® GNX — Version 4.4 Assembler Reference Manual Customer Order Number 424010497-004 June 1992 REVISION RECORD VERSION RELEASE DATES SUMMARY OF CHANGES 4.0 May 1990 First Release. Introduction of the new macro and condi­ tional assembler. Introduction of procedure support. Series 32000/EP support. 4.1 Sep 1990 Enhanced macro listing control and sym­ bolic debugging of assembly programs. 4.2 Feb 1991 Synchronization revision. No changes. 4.3 Aug 1991 Minor manual corrections. 4.4 June 1992 MS-DOS support added. iii PREFACE This document describes the GNX Series 32000 Assembler, a support program that assembles Series 32000 Assembly language source programs. This manual defines the syntax, format, and function of the following: • Series 32000 Assembly Language Elements • Assembly Language Programs • Instructions and Instruction Operands • Assembler Directives • Assembler Procedure Support • Macro and Conditional Assembly • Series 32000 Assembler Invocation The GNX Assembler is intended for use as a component in the Series 32000 GNX tools family to create assembly language programs for Series 32000-based systems. It may be used in either a native or a cross environment. The information contained in this manual is for reference only and is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of National Semiconductor Corporation. A complete list of National Semiconductor’s international offices may be found on the inside back cover of this manual. ISE, SYS32 and GENIX are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. Series 32000 is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. Portions of this document are derived from AT&T copyrighted material and reproduced under license from AT&T; portions are based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from The Regents of the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T. VAX, VMS, and DEC are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. SUN and SunOS are trademarks of SUN Microsystems Inc. IV CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 1-1 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE GNX ASSEMBLER FEATURES............... 1-2 1.3 SERIES 32000 REGISTERS ........................................................ 1-3 1.3.1 General Purpose Registers................................... 1-3 1.3.2 Dedicated Registers . ...................................................... 1-3 1.3.3 Floating-Point Registers................................................ 1-5 1.3.4 Memory Management Registers.................................... 1-6 1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS.............................................................. 1-9 1.5 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS.......................................... 1-10 1.5.1 General Conventions...................................................... 1-10 1.5.2 Conventions in Syntax Descriptions.............................. 1-10 1.5.3 Example Conventions...................................................... 1-11 Chapter 2 ELEMENTS OF THE GNX ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 2.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 2-1 2.2 CHARACTER SET.......................................................................... 2-1 2.3 GNX ASSEMBLER STATEMENTS ............................................. 2-2 2.4 STRING AND NUMBER SYNTAX................................................ 2-4 2.4.1 Integer Syntax .............................................................. 2-4 2.4.2 Floating-Point Number Syntax....................................... 2-5 2.4.3 Character Constant Syntax............................................. 2-8 2.4.4 String Syntax................................................................. 2-9 2.5 SYMBOLS...................................................................................... 2-10 2.5.1 Symbol Names .............................................................. 2-10 2.5.2 Symbol Types................................................................. 2-11 2.5.3 Global Symbols.............................................................. 2-13 2.6 LOCATION COUNTER................................................................. 2-15 2.7 EXPRESSIONS............................................................................. 2-16 2.7.1 Rules for Expressions...................................................... 2-19 2.7.2 Types in Expressions...................................................... 2-19 2.7.3 Size of Expressions........................................................ 2-22 Chapter 3 GNX ASSEMBLER PROGRAMS 3.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 3-1 3.2 GNX ASSEMBLER PROGRAM STRUCTURE.............................. 3-1 CONTENTS v 3.3 PROGRAM SEGMENTS ............................................................... 3-2 3.3.1 Text Segment.................................................................. 3-2 3.3.2 Initialized Data Segment................................................ 3-3 3.3.3 Uninitialized Data (bss) Segment................................. 3-3 3.4 SERIES 32000 MODULE SEGMENTS.......................................... 3-3 3.4.1 Module Table Segment................................................... 3-4 3.4.2 Link Table Segment......................................................... 3-5 3.4.3 Static Base Relative Segm ent....................................... 3-5 3.5 USER-DEFINED, DUMMY AND COMMENT SEGMENTS . 3-6 3.5.1 User-Defined Segments................................................... 3-6 3.5.2 Dummy Segments . ......................................................... 3-6 3.5.3 Comment Segments......................................................... 3-6 3.6 LINKAGE...................................................................................... 3-6 3.6.1 Relocatable Addresses ................................................... 3-7 3.6.2 Linking Program Segments .......................................... 3-7 3.6.3 Linking Series 32000 Modules....................................... 3-8 Chapter 4 INSTRUCTION OPERANDS 4.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 4-1 4.2 GENERAL OPERANDS.................................................................. 4-3 4.2.1 Expression Operands...................................................... 4-5 4.2.2 Register Operands ......................................... 4-6 4.2.3 Register Relative Operands............................................. 4-7 4.2.4 Frame Memory Operands................................................ 4-9 4.2.5 Frame Memory Relative Operands................................. 4-11 4.2.6 Stack Memory Operands................................................ 4-13 4.2.7 Stack Memory Relative Operands................................. 4-15 4.2.8 Static Memory Operands................................................ 4-17 4.2.9 Static Memory Relative Operands................................. 4-19 4.2.10 Program Memory Operands.......................................... 4-21 4.2.11 Immediate Operands...................................................... 4-23 4.2.12 Absolute Operands......................................................... 4-25 4.2.13 External Operands......................................................... 4-26 4.2.14 Top-of-Stack Operands................................................... 4-28 4.2.15 Scaled-Index Byte Operands.......................................... 4-29 4.2.16 Scaled-Index Word Operands.......................................... 4-30 4.2.17 Scaled-Index Double-Word Operands........................... 4-31 4.2.18 Scaled-Index Quad-Word Operands.............................. 4-32 4.2.19 Displacement Operands................................................... 4-33 4.3 IMMEDIATE SUBRANGE OPERANDS....................................... 4-35 4.3.1 Quick Operands............................................................... 4-36 4.3.2 Block Length Operands................................................... 4-37 4.3.3 Bit-Field Length Operands............................................. 4-38 vi CONTENTS 4.3.4 Bit-Field Offset Operands ............................................. 4-39 4.3.5 Displacement Operands................................................... 4-40 4.4 PROGRAM MEMORY OPERANDS ............................................. 4-42 4.5 GENERAL REGISTER OPERANDS............................................. 4-44 4.6 REGISTER LIST (reglist) OPERAND.......................................... 4-46 4.7 CONFIGURATION LIST (cfglist) OPERAND.............................. 4-47 4.8 PROCESSOR REGISTER OPERANDS ....................................... 4-49 4.9 NS32082 MEMORY MANAGEMENT REGISTER OPERAND . 4-50 4.10 NS32382 MEMORY MANAGEMENT REGISTER OPERAND . 4-51 4.11 NS32532 MEMORY MANAGEMENT REGISTER OPERAND . 4-52 4.12 EXTERNAL PROCEDURE OPERANDS....................................... 4-53 4.13 LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENTS................................................... 4-54 Chapter 5 SERIES 32000 INSTRUCTION SET 5.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 5-1 5.2 INTEGER INSTRUCTIONS ......................................................... 5-7 5.3 QUICK INTEGER INSTRUCTIONS............................................. 5-11 5.4