DOCUMENT RESUME ED 300 243 SE 049 758 AUTHOR Fortner, Rosanne W., Ed.; Mayer, Victor J., Ed. TITLE The Great Lake Erie. A Reference Text for Educators and Communicators. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Research Foundation. pas AGENCY George Gund Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. PUB DATE 87 NOTE 157p.; Figures and tables may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMThe Ohio State University School of Natural Resources, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210 ($17.25 including shipping). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) -- Reference Materials - General (130) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Biological Sciences; College Science; *Earth Science; Ecology; Economics; *Environmental Education; Environmental Influences; Fisheries; Geology; Government Role; *International Cooperation; Pollution; *Science and Society; Science Education; Secondary Education; Secondary School Science; *Water Pollution IDENTIFIERS *Great Lakes ABSTRACT The purpose cf this volume is to present a body of basic information about the Great Lakes that is current and based on sound research. Such information is frequently difficult to locate, especially in one reference, and equally difficult to decipher and evaluate. The 16 essays contained in this book deal with a variety of topics including the geology, botany, climate, coastal politics, economics, ecology, and pollution of the Great Lakes basin. Over 200 references are included. (CW) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** DOCUMENT RESUME ED 300 243 SE 049 758 AUTHOR Fortner, Rosanne W., Ed.; Mayer, Victor J., Ed. TITLE The Great Lake Erie. A Reference Text for Educators and Communicators. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Research Foundation. SPONS AGENCY George Gund Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. PUB DATE 87 NOTE 157p.; Figures and tables may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMThe Ohio State University School of Natural Resources, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210 ($17.25 including shipping). PUB TYPE Reports - Descriptive (141) -- Reference Materials - General (130) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Biological Sciences;-College Science; *Earth Science; Ecology; Economics; *Environmental Education; Environmental Influences; Fisheries; Geology; Government Role; *International Cooperation; Pollution; *Science and Society; Science Education; Secondary Education; Secondary School Science; *Water Pollution IDENTIFIERS *Great Lakes ABSTRACT The purpose (. this volume is to present a body of basic information about the Great Lakes that is current and based on sound research. Such information is frequently difficult to locate, especially in one reference, and equally difficult to decipher and evaluate. The 16 essays contained in this book deal with a variety of topics including the geology, botany, climate, coastal politics, economics, ecology, and pollution of the Great Lakes basin. Over 200 references are included. (CW) **************************w******************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** The Great Lake Erie A Reference Text for Educators and Communicators Edited by Rosanne W. Fortner Victor J. Mayer The Ohio State University Research Foundation, 1987 Columbus, OH 43210 Sponsored by The George Gund Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio A volume such as this is not possible without the assistance of numerous individuals and organizations.In addition to the sponsor, The George Gund Foundation of Cleveland, and The Ohio State University School of Natural Resources and College of Education, the following made significant contributions to this publication: Technical Editors.: Marcia L. Seager Marjorie Pless Layout and Design: Jerri Shafer Content Reviewas: James P. Barry, The Ohioana Library Sally Cole-Misch, International Joint Commission Frank Quinn, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Fernando Rosa, Canada Centre for Inland Waters S. Yaksich, Dept. of the Army, U.S. Army Engineer The editors welcome comments and suggestions.Contact them through The Ohio State University, School of Natural Resources, 2021 Coffey Road Columbus, Ohio 43210-1085. 4 Contents Preface; About the Authors i 1/ These are the Sweetwater Seas 1 Lee Botts 2/ The Geological Setting of the Great Lakes 11 Jane L. Forsyth 3/ Vegetation and Plant Geography of the Lake Erie Basin 18 John J. Furlong 4/ The Effect of Lake Erie on Climate 27 Val L. Eichenlaub 5/ Coastal Processes on the Great Lakes 38 Charles H. Carter 6/ Early Struggles for Peace on Lake Erie 46 Gerard T. Altoff 7/ Opening the Region to Prosperity 56 Gerard T. Altoff 8/ The History of Great Lakes Shipping 74 Alexander C. Mealcin 9/ Condition of Shipping on the Great Lakes 80 Jeffery A. Bryant 10/ Lake Erie Coastal Uses 87 Richard Bartz 11/ Water Level Fluctuations on the Great Lakes 93 Thomas E. Croley II 12/ Effect of Human Activities on the Ecology of Lake Erie 103 Elliot J. Trainer 13/ History of Changes in the Lake Erie Fishery 116 Andrew M. White 14/ Recovering From Phosphorus Enrichment 127 Charles E. Herdendorf 15/ Toxics in Lake Erie 136 Clayton J. Edwards 16/ Governing the Great Lakes Basin 141 Kathleen L. Barber 5 Preface The Great Lake Erie was conceived as a means of drawing together for a single purpose information from a group of experts in areas that characterize the importance of the Great Lakes. Thus the scien- tists, historians, resource managers and policy analysts represented by this group reflect the scientific, historical, environmental and political value of the Great Lakes to North America and the world. The purpose of this volume is to present a body of basic information about the Great Lakes that is up to date, based on sound research, and interpreted by experts in the subjects involved. Such informa- tion is frequently difficult to locate, especially all in one reference, and equally difficult to decipher and evaluate. Educators and media communicators as a result may avoid Great Lakes topics. We believe that information in hand, especially if well presented and applied to real reeds, has a strong potential for use in communication and education. The chapter authors were selected not only for their subject matter expertise but for their ability to communicate to the public as well. With the vitality and interest apparent in this work, they have provided a substantial information base about where the Great Lakes have been and what their future may be.This volume is a beginning set of answers for what we hope will be a growing interest among educators and communicators to learn and tellmore about the Great Lakes. There is a great deal more to tell than this. The story of the importance of the Great Lakes does not end at the back cover of the book.It is a personal story, not only for those who share in the immediate grandeur of the lakes, but for every world citizen who shares the freshwater birthright.As stewards of the world of water, we can do no less than stand in awe of the resource portrayed here and pledge ourselves to its wise management in decades to come. Rosanne W. Fortner Victor J. Mayer 6 About the Authors Lee Botts is an environmental consultant in Chicago. Among hercurrent projects are analyzing how Chicago deals with the environment, working with the Chicago City Councilon Energy and the Environ- ment, consulting with the National Geographic on its 1987 Great Lakes article, and helping with Citizen's Review for a Great Lakes Water Agreement.In 1978 President Carter appointed her as Chairperson of the Great Lakes Basin Commission. From 1981 to 1986 Ms. Bottswas a research assistant on Great Lakes issues for the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research at Northwestern University,a position from which she is currently on leave. Jane L. Forsyth is Professor of Geology at Bowling Green State University andis a well-known lecturer on the geology of Ohio.In addition to her teaching, lecturing and research in geology, she served on both the Ohio Geological Survey andas Editor-in-Chief of The Ohio journal of Science for 10 years, has twice been vice-president for Geology in the Ohio Academy of Science, andwas selected by two Ohio governors to serve on the state's Natural Areas Council. She is active in the OhioChapter of The Nature Conservancy. John J. Fur low is Curator of The Ohio State University Herbarium in theDepartment of Botany, where he has been since 1980. He is currently writing Volume 2 of the VascularFlora of Ohio. Before coming to Ohio State he was a Professor of Biology at Capital University, Columbus, Ohio.He has also taught high school biology.Fur low's research specialty is the evolution and systematics of the Birch Family. Val I.. Eichenlaub is Professor of Geography at Western Michigan University,Kalamazoo, and author of Weather and Climate in the Great Lakes.His articles on lake effect snow appear in meteorological journals, and he is currently involved in research relatedto climate change and changes in relative per- centages of sunshine and cloudiness in Michigan. Eichenlaub is editor of the forthcomingAtlas of Michi- gan Climate. Charles H. Carter worked as a scientist for the Ohio Geological Survey forten years. He has been a Professor of Geology at the I Iniversity of Akron since 1982. Dr. Carter's specialtiesare coastal geology, sedinientology and stratigraphy. He takes a special interest in the historicchanges that the Lake Erie coastline has undergone. Gerard T. Altoff is the Historian and Chief Ranger for the National ParkService at Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial on South Bass Island, Lake Erie.He joined the National Park Service in 1972 after completing four years in the United States Coast Guard,including a tour of duty in Viet Nam. For the past six years he has conducted researchon the Battle of Lake Erie, particularly on pre- viously unknown stories of the men who volunteered toserve on the American fleet during the War of 1812.Altoff has published several articles on the naval aspects of the War of 1812in newspapers and military periodicals.