Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2016 Edition 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2016 Edition Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record- Acquisitions Editor ing, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is Debra Williams assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Cauley precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Managing Editor damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Kristy Hart ISBN-13: 978-0-13-426811-8 Project Editor ISBN-10: 0-13-426811-3 Andy Beaster Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 2015913547 Printed in the United States of America Indexer Cheryl Lenser First Printing November 2015 Trademarks Proofreader Sarah Kearns All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this Technical Editor information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity Micah Brown of any trademark or service mark. Editorial Assistant Warning and Disclaimer Kim Boedigheimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as Media Producer is” basis. The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to Dan Scherf any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. Cover Designer Mark Shirar Special Sales For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales Compositor opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content Nonie Ratcliff particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected] . For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected] . Contents at a Glance Introduction ....................................................................................xxxi Part I Getting Started 1 Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration ............................ 1 2 Background Information and Resources ............................................... 27 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 3 Working with Unity ........................................................................... 41 4 On the Internet ................................................................................. 61 5 Productivity Applications ................................................................... 75 6 Multimedia Applications .................................................................... 85 7 Other Ubuntu Interfaces ....................................................................109 8 Games .............................................................................................119 Part III System Administration 9 Managing Software ...........................................................................131 10 Command-Line Quickstart................................................................. 145 11 Command-Line Master Class .............................................................179 12 Managing Users ................................................................................231 13 Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting .................................................257 14 The Boot Process ...............................................................................303 15 System-Monitoring Tools ...................................................................315 16 Backing Up ......................................................................................335 17 Networking ......................................................................................363 18 Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC ..........................................409 19 Securing Your Machines ....................................................................419 20 Performance Tuning.......................................................................... 435 21 Kernel and Module Management .......................................................447 Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 22 Sharing Files and Printers ..................................................................469 23 Apache Web Server Management .......................................................485 24 Nginx Web Server Management .........................................................517 iv Ubuntu Unleashed 2016 Edition 25 Other Http Servers ............................................................................529 26 Remote File Serving with FTP .............................................................533 27 Handling Email ................................................................................543 28 Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ...........563 29 Administering Relational Database Services .........................................579 30 NoSQL Databases ..............................................................................605 31 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) .....................................617 32 Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) ..................................................625 33 Virtualization on Ubuntu ..................................................................633 34 Ubuntu in the Cloud ........................................................................643 35 Managing Sets of Servers ...................................................................657 36 Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS) ...........................661 Part V Programming Linux 37 Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu ................................................671 38 Opportunistic Development ..............................................................683 39 Helping with Ubuntu Development ...................................................699 40 Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA ................................................709 41 Using Popular Programming Languages ..............................................715 42 Beginning Mobile Development for Android .......................................729 43 Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch ................................................735 Index ...............................................................................................739 NOTE Chapters 44–46 can be accessed online at informit.com/title/9780134268118. Part VI Bonus Chapters 44 Using Perl ....................................................................................Web:1 45 Using Python ............................................................................. Web:23 46 Using PHP .................................................................................. Web:43 Table of Contents Introduction xxxi Licensing .......................................................................................xxxii Who This Book Is For .....................................................................xxxiii Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users ......xxxiii Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps .................................... xxxiv What This Book Contains ..................................................................xxv Conventions Used in This Book .........................................................xxv Part I Getting Started 1 Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration 1 Before You Begin the Installation .......................................................... 1 Researching Your Hardware Specifications ..................................... 2 Installation Options ..................................................................... 2 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit Ubuntu ............................................................... 4 Planning Partition Strategies ......................................................... 5 The Boot Loader .......................................................................... 5 Installing from DVD or USB Drive ................................................. 6 Step-by-Step Installation ....................................................................... 6 Installing .................................................................................... 7 First Update .............................................................................. 12 Shutting Down .................................................................................. 12 Finding Programs and Files ................................................................. 13 Software Updater ............................................................................... 14 The sudo Command .......................................................................... 17 Configuring Software Repositories ....................................................... 18 System Settings .................................................................................. 20 Detecting and Configuring a Printer ...........................................